Blood type biochemistry and human disease.
Blood type biochemistry and human disease.
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DOI：
10.1002/wsbm.1355
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发表时间：
2016-11
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
Sumner, Susan C. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ewald, D. Rose;Sumner, Susan C. J.
自20世纪初研究人员确定抗体和抗原是遗传的以来，血型和疾病之间的关系一直在研究中。在20世纪50年代，表面抗原的碳水化合物结构的化学鉴定导致了对生物合成途径的理解。血型由抗原特异性的寡糖结构定义，因此，血型抗原是次级基因产物，而初级基因产物是将糖分子连接到寡糖链的各种糖基转移酶。血型抗原存在于红细胞、血小板、白细胞、血浆蛋白、某些组织和各种细胞表面酶上，并且也以可溶形式存在于身体分泌物如母乳、精液、唾液、汗液、胃分泌物、尿液和羊水中。技术、生物化学和遗传学的最新进展已经阐明了人类血型抗原的功能分类、A、B、H和刘易斯决定簇的结构以及产生它们的酶，以及血型抗原与疾病风险的关联。进一步研究以确定血型抗原的生化组成差异以及与疾病风险的关系，对于确定营养干预策略开发的目标或确定可药用目标可能很重要。
Associations between blood type and disease have been studied since the early 1900s when researchers determined that antibodies and antigens are inherited. In the 1950s, the chemical identification of the carbohydrate structure of surface antigens led to the understanding of biosynthetic pathways. The blood type is defined by oligosaccharide structures, which are specific to the antigens, thus, blood group antigens are secondary gene products, while the primary gene products are various glycosyltransferase enzymes that attach the sugar molecules to the oligosaccharide chain. Blood group antigens are found on red blood cells, platelets, leukocytes, plasma proteins, certain tissues, and various cell surface enzymes, and also exist in soluble form in body secretions such as breast milk, seminal fluid, saliva, sweat, gastric secretions, urine, and amniotic fluid. Recent advances in technology, biochemistry, and genetics have clarified the functional classifications of human blood group antigens, the structure of the A, B, H, and Lewis determinants and the enzymes that produce them, and the association of blood group antigens with disease risks. Further research to identify differences in the biochemical composition of blood group antigens, and the relationship to risks for disease, can be important for the identification of targets for the development of nutritional intervention strategies, or the identification of druggable targets.
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