Cerebellar-motor dysfunction in schizophrenia and psychosis-risk: the importance of regional cerebellar analysis approaches.
Cerebellar-motor dysfunction in schizophrenia and psychosis-risk: the importance of regional cerebellar analysis approaches.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00160
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Mittal VA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bernard JA;Mittal VA
精神分裂症患者和精神病高危人群的运动异常都有很好的记录。越来越多的工作也强调了与精神分裂症小脑功能障碍有关的运动异常，包括眨眼条件、时间、姿势控制和运动学习。我们最近还发现了运动功能障碍的证据，这些人是精神病的超高风险人群。这一点特别相关，因为小脑被认为是精神分裂症认知障碍模型的中心，而这些明显的运动体征可能表明精神障碍的病因学中更普遍的小脑功能障碍。虽然研究提供了高危人群和精神分裂症患者小脑运动功能障碍的证据，但关于小脑的研究结果喜忧参半。可能导致这些混合结果的一个因素是在研究小脑时采用的整体结构方法。在非人类灵长类动物中，小脑、丘脑和带有运动和非运动皮质区域的大脑之间有明显的闭合环路。最近的人类神经成像支持这一发现，并表明存在小脑功能地形图，而这一信息在整体结构方法中被遗漏了。在这里，我们回顾了精神分裂症患者和精神病高危人群的小脑运动功能障碍。我们还讨论了精神病的小脑异常，以及小脑的功能地形图。由于小脑功能区域的分离，我们认为，为了更好地了解它在这些人群中运动功能障碍中的作用，从区域上看这一结构是很重要的。这类似于对基底神经节采取的入路，每个区域都是单独考虑的。这种方法是必要的，以更好地理解关于精神病发病机制的宏观结构水平上的小脑病理生理学。
Motor abnormalities in individuals with schizophrenia and those at-risk for psychosis are well documented. An accumulating body of work has also highlighted motor abnormalities related to cerebellar dysfunction in schizophrenia including eye-blink conditioning, timing, postural control, and motor learning. We have also recently found evidence for motor dysfunction in individuals at ultra high-risk for psychosis. This is particularly relevant as the cerebellum is thought to be central to the cognitive dysmetria model of schizophrenia, and these overt motor signs may point to more general cerebellar dysfunction in the etiology of psychotic disorders. While studies have provided evidence indicative of motor cerebellar dysfunction in at-risk populations and in schizophrenia, findings with respect to the cerebellum have been mixed. One factor potentially contributing to these mixed results is the whole-structure approach taken when investigating the cerebellum. In non-human primates, there are distinct closed-loop circuits between the cerebellum, thalamus, and brain with motor and non-motor cortical regions. Recent human neuroimaging has supported this finding and indicates that there is a cerebellar functional topography, and this information is being missed with whole-structure approaches. Here, we review cerebellar-motor dysfunction in individuals with schizophrenia and those at-risk for psychosis. We also discuss cerebellar abnormalities in psychosis, and the cerebellar functional topography. Because of the segregated functional regions of the cerebellum, we propose that it is important to look at the structure regionally in order to better understand its role in motor dysfunction in these populations. This is analogous to approaches taken with the basal ganglia, where each region is considered separately. Such an approach is necessary to better understand cerebellar pathophysiology on a macro-structural level with respect to the pathogenesis of psychosis.
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影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Bernard JA;Seidler RD
通讯作者：
Seidler RD
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Andersen, BB;Fabricius, K;Stark, AK
通讯作者：
Stark, AK
影响因子：
10.5
作者：
Andersen, BB;Pakkenberg, B
通讯作者：
Pakkenberg, B
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Bernard, Jessica A.;Peltier, Scott J.;Seidler, Rachael D.
通讯作者：
Seidler, Rachael D.
DOI：
10.1177/2167702614542463
发表时间：
2015-07-01
期刊：
Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bernard JA;Mittal VA
通讯作者：
Mittal VA