Young children's exposure to phenols in the home: Associations between house dust, hand wipes, silicone wristbands, and urinary biomarkers.
Young children's exposure to phenols in the home: Associations between house dust, hand wipes, silicone wristbands, and urinary biomarkers.
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幼儿对家中苯酚的接触：房屋灰尘，湿巾，硅胶腕带和尿液标记物之间的关联。
DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2020.106317
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Stapleton HM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levasseur JL;Hammel SC;Hoffman K;Phillips AL;Zhang S;Ye X;Calafat AM;Webster TF;Stapleton HM
环境酚，如对羟基苯甲酸酯、双酚 A 和三氯生，在室内环境中无处不在，因为它们用于包装、塑料、个人护理产品以及作为抗菌剂。暴露的主要途径以及可能导致更大暴露的习惯和行为仍不清楚。在此，我们通过比较房屋灰尘和手巾与儿童尿液的配对样本中的水平来研究居住环境中发现的酚之间的关系。此外，还使用一种新型暴露工具（硅胶腕带）对苯酚进行了分析，以根据尿液苯酚生物标志物研究哪种外部基质与个体暴露最相关。美国北卡罗来纳州中部的 3-6 岁儿童提供了成对的手巾（n = 202）、腕带（n = 76）和三个汇总的尿液样本（n = 180），而法定监护人则完成了关于习惯和行为的调查问卷。房屋灰尘样本（n = 186）是在 2014 年至 2016 年期间完成的家访期间从主要生活区收集的。在所有研究的基质中经常检测到环境酚。在手巾、灰尘和腕带上观察到的对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、甲基和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯水平与其相关的尿液生物标志物显着相关。此外，还注意到对羟基苯甲酸酯内部的相关性，对羟基苯甲酸酯乙酯、甲基和对羟基苯甲酸酯丙酯的生物标志物通常呈显着正相关，表明对羟基苯甲酸酯在产品中的共同应用。灰尘中的三氯生含量呈正相关，并且与湿巾和腕带中的含量以及尿液浓度显着相关，这表明非个人护理产品来源可能对儿童总体三氯生暴露很重要。一般来说，腕带上的化学物质与尿液生物标志物的相关性比与手巾或室内灰尘中的化学物质的相关性更高。此外，更频繁地使用乳液与尿液中对羟基苯甲酸酯生物标志物的浓度呈正相关。我们的研究结果表明，家庭环境是一个重要的暴露源，而对于某些环境酚（例如室内灰尘中的三氯生）的研究尚未充分。腕带与暴露生物标志物之间的关联性强于手巾和室内灰尘，这表明硅胶腕带可以为某些苯酚提供合适的暴露评估工具。
Environmental phenols, such as parabens, bisphenol A, and triclosan, are ubiquitous in indoor environments because of their use in packaging, plastics, personal care products, and as anti-microbials. The primary pathways of exposure, as well as habits and behaviors that may lead to greater exposure, are still unclear. Herein, we investigate the relationships between phenols found in residential environments by comparing levels in paired samples of house dust and hand wipes with children’s urine. In addition, phenols were analyzed in a novel exposure tool, the silicone wristband to investigate which external matrix best correlates with individual exposure based on urinary phenol biomarkers. Children aged 3–6 years in central North Carolina, United States, provided paired hand wipe (n = 202), wristband (n = 76), and three spot urine samples that were pooled (n=180), while legal guardians completed questionnaires on habits and behaviors. House dust samples (n = 186) were collected from the main living area during home visits completed between 2014–2016. Environmental phenols were detected frequently in all matrices investigated. Ethyl, methyl, and propylparaben levels observed in hand wipes, dust, and on wristbands were significantly correlated to their associated urinary biomarkers. In addition, intra-paraben correlations were noted, with biomarkers of ethyl, methyl, and propylparabens generally positively and significantly correlated, suggesting co-application of parabens in products. Triclosan levels in dust were positive and significantly correlated with levels in hand wipes and wristbands and with urinary concentrations, suggesting non-personal care product sources may be important in children’s overall triclosan exposure. Generally, chemicals on wristbands were more highly correlated with urinary biomarkers than with chemicals in hand wipes or house dust. In addition, more frequent lotion use was positively associated with urinary concentrations of paraben biomarkers. Our results suggest that the home environment is an important source of exposure which has been under-investigated for some environmental phenols (e.g. triclosan in house dust). Associations between wristbands and biomarkers of exposure, which were stronger than for hand wipes and house dust, suggest that silicone wristbands may provide a suitable exposure assessment tool for some phenols.
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影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Ferguson KK;Colacino JA;Lewis RC;Meeker JD
通讯作者：
Meeker JD
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Guo, Ying;Kannan, Kurunthachalam
通讯作者：
Kannan, Kurunthachalam
影响因子：
13.6
作者：
Chen, Jing;Hartmann, Erica M.;Halden, Rolf U.
通讯作者：
Halden, Rolf U.
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Harley KG;Kogut K;Madrigal DS;Cardenas M;Vera IA;Meza-Alfaro G;She J;Gavin Q;Zahedi R;Bradman A;Eskenazi B;Parra KL
通讯作者：
Parra KL
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Lehmler HJ;Liu B;Gadogbe M;Bao W
通讯作者：
Bao W