The Economic Burden of Chromosome Translocations and the Benefits of Enhanced Screening for Cattle Breeding.
The Economic Burden of Chromosome Translocations and the Benefits of Enhanced Screening for Cattle Breeding.
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DOI：
10.3390/ani12151982
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发表时间：
2022-08-05
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全球养牛业（乳制品和牛肉）提供了世界 81% 的牛奶和 22% 的肉类需求。过去 50 年来，牛奶产量增加了一倍多，人们越来越关注通过更高效、可持续的方式提高产量。这一成功的关键是公牛，如果公牛繁殖力不足，可能会对成本和环境产生严重影响。公牛不育的主要原因是所谓的“RT”，其中大部分基因组被转移到它们通常不存在的其他部分。本研究的目的是提供一个框架来计算 RT 可能产生的财务影响，以及筛选计划对不使用此类公牛进行繁殖的好处。我们最近开发了一种新的 RT 筛查方法，我们认为该方法的检测数量至少是传统方法的三倍。我们计算出，在六年内主动筛选（因此不使用）带有 RT 的公牛的经济效益可能是每头公牛 720 万英镑（近 900 万美元）。我们对遗传异常发生率及其相关生产成本的了解不断加深，支持养牛业决定使用筛查方法来防止使用带有 RT 的公牛。养牛业通过其衍生产品（乳制品和牛肉）提供了全球所需的 81% 的牛奶和 22% 的肉类。如果一头种公牛的繁殖力低下，这会影响牛群的受孕和出生率，人们普遍认为，积极主动的基因筛查计划可以防止进一步的损失。染色体易位是家畜不育的主要原因，在牛中，这种易位超出了经典的 1:29 易位，延伸至其他罗伯逊易位 (RobTs) 和相互易位 (RECTs)。两者（统称为 RT）的发生率因品种和畜群而异；然而，我们估计 RECT 最有可能至少是 RobT 的两倍。本研究的目的是开发一个行业经济模型来估计 RT 事件对牛群水平的财务影响。如果我们假设 Rob1:29 的保守发病率为 0.4%，其中每一个都会影响受胎率 5%，我们计算出，积极筛查并剔除一头 Rob1:29 公牛可以在六年内为受影响的牛群带来 230 万英镑（约 280 万美元）的收益。然而，我们实验室最近针对所有 RT 制定了更新的筛查方案（预计综合发病率为 1.2%，受孕率影响 10%），每发现一个 RT，就可以使受影响的牛群受益 720 万英镑（近 900 万美元）。对于价值 8,274 亿美元（乳制品）和 4,677 亿美元（牛肉）的行业来说，扩大对发生率的了解并进一步剖析 RT 的潜在成本（财务和环境）对于防止进一步损失至关重要。
The global cattle industry, dairy and beef, provides 81% of the world’s milk and 22% of its meat requirements. Milk production has more than doubled in the last 50 years, and there is increased focus on increasing production by more efficient, sustainable means. A key to this success is the bull, which, if sub-fertile, can have a severe impact on costs and the environment. The leading cause of bull infertility is so called “RTs”, where large parts of the genome are translocated to other parts where they would not normally reside. The purpose of this study was to provide a framework for calculating the financial impact that an RT can have, and therefore the benefits of a screening programme to not using such bulls for breeding. We recently developed a novel method of RT screening, which we think detects at least three times as many compared to the traditional method. We calculated that the economic benefit of proactively screening (and therefore not using) a bull with an RT could be GBP 7.2 million pounds (nearly USD 9 million) per bull over six years. Our expanding knowledge of the incidence of genetic abnormalities and their associated costs to production support the decision of the cattle industry to use screening approaches to guard against the use of bulls with RTs. The cattle breeding industry, through both of its derivatives (dairy and beef), provides 81% of milk and 22% of meat required globally. If a breeding bull is sub-fertile, this impacts herd conception and birth rates, and it is generally accepted that having a proactive genetic screening programme can prevent further losses. Chromosome translocations are the leading genetic cause of infertility in livestock and, in cattle, this extends beyond the classical 1:29 to other Robertsonian translocations (RobTs) and to reciprocal translocations (RECTs). The incidence of both (collectively termed RTs) varies between breeds and herds; however, we estimate that RECTs are, most likely, at least twice as common as RobTs. The purpose of this study was to develop an industry economic model to estimate the financial impact of an RT event at the herd level. If we assume a conservative incidence rate of 0.4% for Rob1:29 with each one impacting the conception rate by 5%, we calculate that actively screening for and removing a Rob1:29 bull could benefit an impacted herd by GBP 2.3 million (approx. USD 2.8 million) over six years. A recently updated screening protocol developed in our lab for all RTs, however (with a projected combined incidence of 1.2%, impacting conception rates by 10%), could benefit an impacted herd by GBP 7.2 million (nearly USD 9 million) for each RT found. For an industry worth USD 827.4 billion (dairy) and USD 467.7 billion (beef), expanding knowledge on incidence and further dissection of the potential costs (financial and environmental) from RTs is essential to prevent further losses.
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影响因子：
3.5
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Holečková B;Schwarzbacherová V;Galdíková M;Koleničová S;Halušková J;Staničová J;Verebová V;Jutková A
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