Pokes, sunburn, and hot sauce: Drosophila as an emerging model for the biology of nociception.
Pokes, sunburn, and hot sauce: Drosophila as an emerging model for the biology of nociception.
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DOI：
10.1002/dvdy.22737
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发表时间：
2012-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Galko, Michael J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Im, Seol Hee;Galko, Michael J.
关键词：
“伤害”一词源于拉丁语“nocere”，意思是“伤害”。伤害性感觉是指对可能导致组织损伤的有害刺激的感觉。由于对这种潜在有害刺激的感知通常会导致行为逃避反应，伤害性感受提供了一种保护机制，使有机体能够避免对组织的初期(或进一步)损害。它似乎在后生动物中是普遍的，因为在哺乳动物和非哺乳动物脊椎动物以及不同的无脊椎动物，如水蚤、线虫和果蝇中都可以观察到各种逃逸反应(Brain Research Review 46：123-130；Journal of Neurobitic 61：161-174；Journal of Compare Physiology 195：1089-1106)。几种类型的刺激可以触发伤害性感觉转导，包括有害的热、有害的化学物质和严酷的机械刺激。这种高阈值刺激导致外周伤害性感受器动作电位的激发，而伤害性感受器是专门用于检测伤害性感受器的感觉神经元(Cell 139：267-284)。在脊椎动物中，这些动作电位既可以直接传递到脊髓运动神经元，引发逃避行为(所谓的单突触反射)，也可以通过脊髓间神经元传递到大脑的高级处理中心。本综述将包括建立果蝇作为一个系统来研究伤害性感官知觉的各个方面。我们将包括负责检测幼虫伤害性刺激的神经元的发育，用于评估这些神经元功能的分析(S)，以及已发现的与热和机械伤害性感受有关的基因。在此过程中，我们将重点介绍一些使苍蝇成为研究伤害性感受的强大系统的基因工具。最后，我们将包括最近的研究，介绍了使用成年果蝇来研究化学和热伤害性感觉的新方法，并提供了该领域中重要的未回答问题的概述。
The word “nociception” is derived from the Latin “nocere,” which means “to harm.” Nociception refers to the sensory perception of noxious stimuli that have the potential to cause tissue damage. Since the perception of such potentially harmful stimuli often results in behavioral escape responses, nociception provides a protective mechanism that allows an organism to avoid incipient (or further) damage to the tissue. It appears to be universal in metazoans as a variety of escape responses can be observed in both mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates, as well as diverse invertebrates such as leeches, nematodes, and fruit flies ( Brain Research Review 46:123–130; Journal of Neurobiology 61:161–174; Journal of Comparative Physiology 195:1089–1106). Several types of stimuli can trigger nociceptive sensory transduction, including noxious heat, noxious chemicals, and harsh mechanical stimulation. Such high-threshold stimuli induce the firing of action potentials in peripheral nociceptors, the sensory neurons specialized for their detection ( Cell 139:267–284). In vertebrates, these action potentials can either be relayed directly to a spinal motor neuron to provoke escape behavior (the so-called monosynaptic reflex) or can travel via spinal cord interneurons to higher-order processing centers in the brain. This review will cover the establishment of Drosophila as a system to study various aspects of nociceptive sensory perception. We will cover development of the neurons responsible for detecting noxious stimuli in larvae, the assays used to assess the function(s) of these neurons, and the genes that have been found to be required for both thermal and mechanical nociception. Along the way, we will highlight some of the genetic tools that make the fly such a powerful system for studies of nociception. Finally, we will cover recent studies that introduce new assays employing adult Drosophila to study both chemical and thermal nociception and provide an overview of important unanswered questions in the field.
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影响因子：
29.4
作者：
Brierley, SM;Jones, RCW;Blackshaw, LA
通讯作者：
Blackshaw, LA
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