Reproductive consequences of a matrilineal overthrow in rhesus monkeys.
Reproductive consequences of a matrilineal overthrow in rhesus monkeys.
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DOI：
10.1002/ajp.22350
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发表时间：
2015-03
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Suom, Stephen J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dettmer, Amanda M.;Woodward, Ruth A.;Suom, Stephen J.
母系更替在猕猴社会中是罕见但具有毁灭性的事件，通常会导致严重的发病率、死亡率以及个体和群体适应性的丧失。少数记录在案的猕猴被推翻的证据不足以揭示这种暴力事件造成的生殖后果的严重性或持久性。我们分析了半自由放养猕猴（Macaca mulatta）的档案记录，时间跨度为6年[55≤N≤107,2007-2012年]，在此期间（2009年）发生了一次母系更替，以检验极端暴力的相互作用（如母系更替）会显著降低相关母系和整个群体的生殖适应性的假设。母系更替导致人口中婴儿死亡率较前一年显著增加[χ2=8.117, df=1， P=0.004]， 2009年婴儿死亡率大于活产婴儿比例，其他年份均无差异[χ2=4.55, df=1， P=0.03]。此外，2009年被废母系的幼崽损失为100%，与上年相比有显著变化[χ2=7.87, df=1， P=0.005]，而进攻母系的幼崽损失为50%[与上年相比也有显著变化；χ2=4.44, df=1， P=0.035]，未参与调查、排名最低的母系与前一年相比婴儿损失没有变化[χ2=0.008, df=1， P=0.93]。被废黜的母系直到三年后才再次产生可存活的后代。我们进一步发现，在研究的六年中，严重战斗的比率[由需要医疗的战斗伤口数量所表示]与婴儿的损失呈正相关[r[s]=0.943， P=0.005]。我们的数据表明，群体内冲突的极端时期，如母系更替，对个体适应度有显著的短期影响，也可能是群体暴力对灵长类群体平均适应度产生长期影响的极端例子。
Matrilineal overthrows in macaque societies are rare but devastating events, often resulting in severe morbidity, mortality, and loss of individual and group fitness. The handful of documented macaque overthrows provides scant evidence to reveal the severity or longevity of reproductive consequences resulting from such violent events. We analyzed archival records from semi-free ranging rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta, across six years [55≤N≤107, from 2007–2012] during which time a matrilineal overthrow occurred [in 2009] to test the hypothesis that extremely violent interactions such as a matrilineal overthrow would significantly reduce reproductive fitness for the involved matrilines and for the troop collectively. The matrilineal overthrow resulted in a significant increase in infant loss for the population from the previous year [χ2=8.117, df=1, P=0.004], as evidenced by the fact that in 2009, but not in other years, the proportion of infants lost was greater than the proportion of viable infants [χ2=4.55, df=1, P=0.03]. Moreover, the deposed matriline suffered 100% infant loss in 2009, a significant change from the previous year [χ2=7.87, df=1, P=0.005] while the attacking matriline suffered 50% infant loss [also a significant change from the previous year; χ2=4.44, df=1, P=0.035], with the uninvolved, lowest-ranking matriline showing no change in infant loss from the previous year [χ2=0.008, df=1, P=0.93]. The deposed matriline did not produce viable offspring again until three years later. We further found that rates of severe fighting [as indicated by the number of fight wounds requiring medical treatment] were positively correlated with infant loss across the six years of the study [r[s]=0.943, P=0.005]. Our data indicate that extreme periods of intra-group conflict, such as the matrilineal overthrow, have marked short-term consequences for individual fitness, and may be extreme examples of the long-term influences that group violence exerts on the mean fitness within a primate troop.
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