From stem cell to embryo without centrioles.

From stem cell to embryo without centrioles.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cub.2007.07.060
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发表时间:
2007-09-04
期刊:
影响因子:
9.2
通讯作者:
Raff, Jordan W.
Raff, Jordan W.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stevens, Naomi R.;Raposo, Alexandre A. S. F.;Basto, Renata;St Johnston, Daniel;Raff, Jordan W.

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中心体的不对称性在确保果蝇神经干细胞(神经母细胞[NB])和雄性生殖干细胞(GSC)的不对称分裂中起着关键作用。在这两种情况下,一个中心体锚定接近特定的皮质区域在间期,从而确定了方向的纺锤体在随后的有丝分裂。为了测试不对称中心体行为是否是干细胞的一般特征,我们研究了雌性GSC,其不对称分裂,产生另一个GSC和成囊细胞。然后,成囊细胞分裂并成熟为卵母细胞,在这个过程中,中心体表现出一系列复杂的行为,被认为在卵子发生中起着至关重要的作用。我们发现,间期中心体并不确定纺锤体的方向,在女性GSC和DSas-4突变GSC,缺乏中心粒和中心体,总是不对称分裂,产生成囊细胞进行正常通过卵子发生显着,卵母细胞的规格,微管组织和mRNA的定位都不受干扰。成熟的卵母细胞可以受精,但不能支持中心粒复制的胚胎在发育的早期就停止了。因此,中心体对卵子发生是必需的,但对早期胚胎发生是必需的。这些结果表明,不对称的中心体行为不是干细胞分裂的基本特征。
Centrosome asymmetry plays a key role in ensuring the asymmetric division of Drosophila neural stem cells (neuroblasts [NBs]) and male germline stem cells (GSCs). In both cases, one centrosome is anchored close to a specific cortical region during interphase, thus defining the orientation of the spindle during the ensuing mitosis. To test whether asymmetric centrosome behavior is a general feature of stem cells, we have studied female GSCs, which divide asymmetrically, producing another GSC and a cystoblast. The cystoblast then divides and matures into an oocyte, a process in which centrosomes exhibit a series of complex behaviors proposed to play a crucial role in oogenesis. We show that the interphase centrosome does not define spindle orientation in female GSCs and that DSas-4 mutant GSCs, lacking centrioles and centrosomes, invariably divide asymmetrically to produce cystoblasts that proceed normally through oogenesis—remarkably, oocyte specification, microtubule organization, and mRNA localization are all unperturbed. Mature oocytes can be fertilized, but embryos that cannot support centriole replication arrest very early in development. Thus, centrosomes are dispensable for oogenesis but essential for early embryogenesis. These results reveal that asymmetric centrosome behavior is not an essential feature of stem cell divisions.
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