Cocktail Anti-Tick Vaccines: The Unforeseen Constraints and Approaches toward Enhanced Efficacies.
Cocktail Anti-Tick Vaccines: The Unforeseen Constraints and Approaches toward Enhanced Efficacies.
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DOI：
10.3390/vaccines8030457
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发表时间：
2020-08-19
期刊：
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Tabor AE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ndawula C Jr;Tabor AE
作为疾病的传播媒介，扁虱仅次于蚊子。扁虱每年影响亚洲、非洲和澳大利亚的畜牧业约11.3亿美元。例如，全球80%的牛种群面临微型Rhipicephalus microplus物种复合体的侵扰风险，据估计，该复合体在2016年造成了220-300亿美元的年损失。尽管硬蜱种群的管理主要依赖于杀螨剂的应用，但由于对硬蜱的抗性和牛奶、肉类和环境中化学残留物的积累，这引起了人们的关注。为了对抗抗杀螨剂的硬蜱种群，免疫控制被认为是最有前途的可持续战略之一。事实上，人们已经投入了巨大的努力来识别扁虱疫苗抗原。到目前为止，基于Bm86的疫苗在现场条件下是最有效的，但它们在全球范围内表现出好坏参半的效果。目前，在20世纪90年代商业化的两种Bm86疫苗(古巴的GavacTM和澳大利亚的TickGARDPLUS™)中，只有Gavac™可用。因此，越来越多的人达成共识，认为结合抗原可以扩大预防范围，提高壁虱疫苗的效力。然而，在实地条件下还没有达到预期的结果。因此，这篇综述揭开了潜在局限性的神秘面纱，并提出了维持增强的鸡尾酒蜱疫苗效力的方法。
Ticks are second to mosquitoes as vectors of disease. Ticks affect livestock industries in Asia, Africa and Australia at ~ $1.13 billion USD per annum. For instance, 80% of the global cattle population is at risk of infestation by the Rhipicephalus microplus species-complex, which in 2016 was estimated to cause $22–30 billion USD annual losses. Although the management of tick populations mainly relies on the application of acaricides, this raises concerns due to tick resistance and accumulation of chemical residues in milk, meat, and the environment. To counteract acaricide-resistant tick populations, immunological tick control is regarded among the most promising sustainable strategies. Indeed, immense efforts have been devoted toward identifying tick vaccine antigens. Until now, Bm86-based vaccines have been the most effective under field conditions, but they have shown mixed success worldwide. Currently, of the two Bm86 vaccines commercialized in the 1990s (GavacTM in Cuba and TickGARDPLUS™ in Australia), only Gavac™ is available. There is thus growing consensus that combining antigens could broaden the protection range and enhance the efficacies of tick vaccines. Yet, the anticipated outcomes have not been achieved under field conditions. Therefore, this review demystifies the potential limitations and proposes ways of sustaining enhanced cocktail tick vaccine efficacy.
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影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Antunes S;Merino O;Mosqueda J;Moreno-Cid JA;Bell-Sakyi L;Fragkoudis R;Weisheit S;Pérez de la Lastra JM;Alberdi P;Domingos A;de la Fuente J
通讯作者：
de la Fuente J
影响因子：
7.3
作者：
Awate S;Babiuk LA;Mutwiri G
通讯作者：
Mutwiri G
影响因子：
7.8
作者：
Avci FY;Li X;Tsuji M;Kasper DL
通讯作者：
Kasper DL
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Darghouth, Mohamed Aziz;Boulter, Nicola R.;Hall, Roger
通讯作者：
Hall, Roger
影响因子：
15.3
作者：
Avery, OT;Goebel, WF
通讯作者：
Goebel, WF