When the brain changes its mind: Oscillatory dynamics of conflict processing and response switching in a flanker task during alcohol challenge.
When the brain changes its mind: Oscillatory dynamics of conflict processing and response switching in a flanker task during alcohol challenge.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0191200
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Marinkovic K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beaton LE;Azma S;Marinkovic K
尽管我们的主观经验是完全和故意控制我们的行动，我们的日常生活依赖于感官评价和反应准备流的持续和互动参与。它们自动地、无意识地展开，并与认知控制无缝地结合在一起，而认知控制是由引起歧义或反应冲突的刺激所调动的。需要具有高时空灵敏度的方法来深入了解自动和受控处理之间的相互作用。本研究使用解剖学限制的脑磁图检查潜在的神经动力学在侧翼任务，操纵S-R不协调的刺激（SI）和反应水平（RI）。虽然无关，侧翼诱发自动准备的运动计划，必须抑制和逆转后，RI试验的目标介绍。在感觉运动皮层的β（15-25 Hz）频带中的事件相关源功率估计跟踪真实的时间中的运动准备和反应，并揭示从不正确启动到正确反应的半球的切换。与此相反，θ振荡（4-7赫兹）敏感的水平不协调的内侧和腹外侧额叶皮质，特别是响应冲突激活。这两个区域是认知控制的关键，锁相共振荡揭示了它们对反应抑制和转换的综合贡献。这些过程是用适量酒精饮料或安慰剂对健康的社交饮酒者进行控制的。酒精选择性地降低了反应冲突的准确性。它在决策过程中强烈衰减了θ振荡，并部分地重新塑造了额叶网络的相对贡献，而不影响β波段所提供的电机切换过程。我们的研究结果表明，运动准备是自动启动，即使适得其反，但它是监测和调节的前额叶认知控制过程中的冲突。他们进一步证实，自上而下的调节功能特别容易受到酒精中毒的影响。
Despite the subjective experience of being in full and deliberate control of our actions, our daily routines rely on a continuous and interactive engagement of sensory evaluation and response preparation streams. They unfold automatically and unconsciously and are seamlessly integrated with cognitive control which is mobilized by stimuli that evoke ambiguity or response conflict. Methods with high spatio-temporal sensitivity are needed to provide insight into the interplay between automatic and controlled processing. This study used anatomically-constrained MEG to examine the underlying neural dynamics in a flanker task that manipulated S-R incongruity at the stimulus (SI) and response levels (RI). Though irrelevant, flankers evoked automatic preparation of motor plans which had to be suppressed and reversed following the target presentation on RI trials. Event-related source power estimates in beta (15–25 Hz) frequency band in the sensorimotor cortex tracked motor preparation and response in real time and revealed switching from the incorrectly-primed to the correctly-responding hemisphere. In contrast, theta oscillations (4–7 Hz) were sensitive to the levels of incongruity as the medial and ventrolateral frontal cortices were especially activated by response conflict. These two areas are key to cognitive control and their integrated contributions to response inhibition and switching were revealed by phase-locked co-oscillations. These processes were pharmacologically manipulated with a moderate alcohol beverage or a placebo administered to healthy social drinkers. Alcohol selectively decreased accuracy to response conflict. It strongly attenuated theta oscillations during decision making and partly re-sculpted relative contributions of the frontal network without affecting the motor switching process subserved by beta band. Our results indicate that motor preparation is initiated automatically even when counterproductive but that it is monitored and regulated by the prefrontal cognitive control processes under conflict. They further confirm that the regulative top-down functions are particularly vulnerable to alcohol intoxication.
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