An Overview of Thermal Challenges and Opportunities for Monolithic 3D ICs

An Overview of Thermal Challenges and Opportunities for Monolithic 3D ICs
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单片 3D IC 的热挑战和机遇概述

DOI:
10.1145/3299874.3319485
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Proceedings of the 2019 on Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Salman, Emre
Salman, Emre
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shukla, Prachi;Coskun, Ayse K.;Pavlidis, Vasilis F.;Salman, Emre

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Monolithic 3D(Mono 3D)是一种三维集成技术,可以克服传统二维缩放所面临的一些基本限制。本文通过模拟双层倒装芯片Mono 3D IC来分析Mono 3D IC的独特热特性,并突出了与基于TSV的类似尺寸倒装芯片3D IC相比的主要差异。具体来说,我们对这两种技术进行了架构级热模拟,并证明了Mono 3D IC中的垂直热耦合更强,从而降低上层温度。我们还研究了Mono 3D IC中横向与垂直热流的意义。我们在两层Mono 3D IC中模拟了不同的热点场景,并表明尽管与基于TSV的3D IC相比,横向热流有限,但忽略这种机制可能会导致温度估计中不可忽略的误差(~4°C),特别是对于远离散热器的层。此外,我们表明,随着互连利用率的增加(由于焦耳加热的整体温度的贡献),芯片上的温度和两层Mono 3D IC内的横向热流的意义也增加。最后,我们讨论了Mono 3D IC中增强其热完整性的潜在机会。
Monolithic 3D (Mono3D) is a three-dimensional integration technology that can overcome some of the fundamental limitations faced by traditional, two-dimensional scaling. This paper analyzes the unique thermal characteristics of Mono3D ICs by simulating a two-tier flip-chip Mono3D IC and highlights the primary differences in comparison to a similarly-sized flip-chip TSV-based 3D IC. Specifically, we perform architectural-level thermal simulations for both technologies and demonstrate that vertical thermal coupling is stronger in Mono3D ICs, leading to lower upper tier temperatures. We also investigate the significance of lateral versus vertical flow of heat in Mono3D ICs. We simulate different hot spot scenarios in a two-tier Mono3D IC and show that although the lateral heat flow is limited as compared to TSV-based 3D ICs, ignoring this mechanism can cause nonnegligible error (~4°C) in temperature estimation, particularly for layers farther from the heat sink. In addition, we show that with increasing interconnect utilization (due to the contribution of Joule heating to overall temperature), the on-chip temperatures and the significance of lateral heat flow within the two-tier Mono3D IC also increase. Finally, we discuss potential opportunities in Mono3D ICs to enhance their thermal integrity.
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