Robust enhancement of motor sequence learning with 4 mA transcranial electric stimulation.
Robust enhancement of motor sequence learning with 4 mA transcranial electric stimulation.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brs.2022.12.011
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发表时间：
2023-01
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Parra, Lucas C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hsu, Gavin;Shereen, A. Duke;Cohen, Leonardo G.;Parra, Lucas C.
2毫安经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）的运动学习实验产生了不同的结果。我们假设，只要运动皮层有足够高的电场强度，tDCS就能促进运动学习。在单盲设计中，108名健康参与者在练习12分钟序列学习任务时接受了总电流为4毫安的阳极（N = 36）或阴极（N = 36） tDCS，或无刺激（N = 36）。通过四对电极（每对1ma）进行阳极刺激，阳极位于右侧顶叶上方，阴极位于右侧额叶上方。极性相反的阴极刺激作为感觉的主动控制，而无刺激条件建立基线表现。在电流模型中，10名受试者的初级运动皮层的fmri定位目标被用于优化电极放置以获得最大电场强度。然后为所有参与者选择一个单一的电极蒙太奇。我们发现阳极刺激与阴极刺激（Cohen’s d = 0.71）和不刺激（d = 0.56）在性能上存在显著差异。这种效果持续了至少1个小时，随后对新序列和另一只手的学习也有所改善。运动组的感觉评分是相当的，没有超过中等水平。电流模型表明，新的电极蒙太奇可以实现比其他蒙太奇更强的运动皮层极化。目前的范例显示出中等到较大的效应大小，并且是良好的耐受性。它可以作为未来运动学习和tDCS研究的一个重要实验。
Motor learning experiments with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) at 2 mA have produced mixed results. We hypothesize that tDCS boosts motor learning provided sufficiently high field intensity on the motor cortex. In a single-blinded design, 108 healthy participants received either anodal (N = 36) or cathodal (N = 36) tDCS at 4 mA total, or no stimulation (N = 36) while they practiced a 12-min sequence learning task. Anodal stimulation was delivered across four electrode pairs (1 mA each), with anodes above the right parietal lobe and cathodes above the right frontal lobe. Cathodal stimulation, with reversed polarities, served as an active control for sensation, while the no-stimulation condition established baseline performance. fMRI-localized targets on the primary motor cortex in 10 subjects were used in current flow models to optimize electrode placement for maximal field intensity. A single electrode montage was then selected for all participants. We found a significant difference in performance with anodal vs. cathodal stimulation (Cohen’s d = 0.71) and vs. no stimulation (d = 0.56). This effect persisted for at least 1 h, and subsequent learning for a new sequence and the opposite hand also improved. Sensation ratings were comparable in the active groups and did not exceed moderate levels. Current flow models suggest the new electrode montage can achieve stronger motor cortex polarization than alternative montages. The present paradigm shows a medium to large effect size and is well-tolerated. It may serve as a go-to experiment for future studies on motor learning and tDCS.
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