Persistence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in natural ecosystems.

Persistence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in natural ecosystems.
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DOI:
10.3201/eid1607.090389
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发表时间:
2010-07
影响因子:
11.8
通讯作者:
Gauthier-Clerc M
Gauthier-Clerc M
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lebarbenchon C;Feare CJ;Renaud F;Thomas F;Gauthier-Clerc M

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病毒进化的差异可能解释了毒力的异质性。对有利于高致病性禽流感(HPAI)病毒出现和维持的生态因素的了解有限。虽然低致病性禽流感病毒在野生种群中持续存在并进化,但高致病性禽流感病毒在家禽中进化,并导致经济上严重的流行性疾病,仅偶尔感染野生种群。我们认为进化生态学的考虑可以解释这一明显的悖论。野鸟和家禽的宿主结构和传播可能性有很大差异,很可能是毒力的主要决定因素。由于病毒的适合性在自然界中高度依赖于宿主的生存和传播,如果毒力形式迅速杀死宿主或影响捕食风险或迁徙性能,则不太可能在野生种群中持续存在。在野生水禽种群中,宿主间传播在低致病性流感病毒中进化。然而,对于家禽中的HPAI病毒,口咽脱落和气雾剂传播似乎更有效。
Differences in virus evolution may explain virulence heterogeneity. Understanding of ecologic factors favoring emergence and maintenance of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses is limited. Although low pathogenic avian influenza viruses persist and evolve in wild populations, HPAI viruses evolve in domestic birds and cause economically serious epizootics that only occasionally infect wild populations. We propose that evolutionary ecology considerations can explain this apparent paradox. Host structure and transmission possibilities differ considerably between wild and domestic birds and are likely to be major determinants of virulence. Because viral fitness is highly dependent on host survival and dispersal in nature, virulent forms are unlikely to persist in wild populations if they kill hosts quickly or affect predation risk or migratory performance. Interhost transmission in water has evolved in low pathogenic influenza viruses in wild waterfowl populations. However, oropharyngeal shedding and transmission by aerosols appear more efficient for HPAI viruses among domestic birds.
DOI: 10.3201/eid1211.060652
发表时间: 2006-11
影响因子: 11.8
作者:
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影响因子: 4.8
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