A Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies of Youth Cannabis Use: Alterations in Executive Control, Social Cognition/Emotion Processing, and Reward Processing in Cannabis Using Youth.
A Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies of Youth Cannabis Use: Alterations in Executive Control, Social Cognition/Emotion Processing, and Reward Processing in Cannabis Using Youth.
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DOI：
10.3390/brainsci12101281
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发表时间：
2022-09-23
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Ivanov, Iliyan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hammond, Christopher J.;Allick, Aliyah;Park, Grace;Rizwan, Bushra;Kim, Kwon;Lebo, Rachael;Nanavati, Julie;Parvaz, Muhammad;Ivanov, Iliyan
关键词：
背景：青少年大麻使用（CU）与不良健康结果有关，并且可能会随着大麻法律的变化而增加。最近的成像研究已经确定了成人CU和控制之间的大脑活动的差异，在早发用户中更为突出。这些差异是否存在于青少年CU中，并与年龄/发育阶段，性别或大麻暴露有关尚不清楚。研究方法：进行了系统回顾和随后的基于效应大小种子的d映射（SDM）荟萃分析，以检查CU和非使用典型发育（TD）青年之间在fMRI研究期间血氧水平依赖（BOLD）反应的差异。补充分析调查了CU和TD青年中BOLD信号的差异，作为性别、精神病合并症以及大麻暴露剂量和严重程度的函数。结果：从1371篇引文中，确定了45项fMRI研究纳入SDM荟萃分析。这些研究比较了1216名CU和1486名未使用TD参与者的BOLD反应对比。在认知模式分层的主要荟萃分析中，CU（与TD相比）青年在执行控制和社会认知/情绪处理过程中，分别在头内侧前额叶皮层（rmPFC）和背侧mPFC（dmPFC）和背侧前扣带皮层（dACC）中表现出更大的激活。在荟萃回归分析和亚组荟萃分析中，性别、大麻使用障碍（CUD）严重程度和精神共病与CU和TD青年mPFC和岛叶皮质区域的脑激活差异相关。尾状核，丘脑，海马，dmPFC/dACC，中央前回和中央后回的激活差异作为禁欲时间的函数而变化。结论：使用SDM荟萃分析方法，本报告确定了CU和TD青年之间的神经元反应的差异，在执行控制，情绪处理，并在皮层和皮层下的大脑区域，不同的功能，性别，CUD的严重程度，精神并发症，和禁欲的长度奖励处理。CU青年的异常脑功能是否归因于常见的易感因素，大麻诱导的神经适应性变化，或两者都值得进一步研究。
Background: Adolescent cannabis use (CU) is associated with adverse health outcomes and may be increasing in response to changing cannabis laws. Recent imaging studies have identified differences in brain activity between adult CU and controls that are more prominent in early onset users. Whether these differences are present in adolescent CU and relate to age/developmental stage, sex, or cannabis exposure is unknown. Methods: A systematic review and subsequent effect-size seed-based d mapping (SDM) meta-analysis were conducted to examine differences in blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response during fMRI studies between CU and non-using typically developing (TD) youth. Supplemental analyses investigated differences in BOLD signal in CU and TD youth as a function of sex, psychiatric comorbidity, and the dose and severity of cannabis exposure. Results: From 1371 citations, 45 fMRI studies were identified for inclusion in the SDM meta-analysis. These studies compared BOLD response contrasts in 1216 CU and 1486 non-using TD participants. In primary meta-analyses stratified by cognitive paradigms, CU (compared to TD) youth showed greater activation in the rostral medial prefrontal cortex (rmPFC) and decreased activation in the dorsal mPFC (dmPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) during executive control and social cognition/emotion processing, respectively. In meta-regression analyses and subgroup meta-analyses, sex, cannabis use disorder (CUD) severity, and psychiatric comorbidity were correlated with brain activation differences between CU and TD youth in mPFC and insular cortical regions. Activation differences in the caudate, thalamus, insula, dmPFC/dACC, and precentral and postcentral gyri varied as a function of the length of abstinence. Conclusions: Using an SDM meta-analytic approach, this report identified differences in neuronal response between CU and TD youth during executive control, emotion processing, and reward processing in cortical and subcortical brain regions that varied as a function of sex, CUD severity, psychiatric comorbidity, and length of abstinence. Whether aberrant brain function in CU youth is attributable to common predispositional factors, cannabis-induced neuroadaptive changes, or both warrants further investigation.
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4.3
作者：
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