Sulfidation of silver nanoparticles: natural antidote to their toxicity.
Sulfidation of silver nanoparticles: natural antidote to their toxicity.
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DOI：
10.1021/es403527n
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Lowry, Gregory V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levard, Clement;Hotze, Ernest M.;Colman, Benjamin P.;Dale, Amy L.;Truong, Lisa;Yang, X. Y.;Bone, Audrey J.;Brown, Gordon E., Jr.;Tanguay, Robert L.;Di Giulio, Richard T.;Bernhardt, Emily S.;Meyer, Joel N.;Wiesner, Mark R.;Lowry, Gregory V.
纳米材料在生物和环境介质中是高度动态的。推进纳米材料环境健康和安全研究的一个关键需求是确定影响纳米材料特性和毒性的常见物理和化学转化。银纳米粒子是一种最具生态毒性的纳米材料，在环境中极易硫化。在这里，我们表明，非常低的硫化度（0.019 S/Ag质量比）普遍和显着降低银纳米粒子的毒性四种不同类型的水生和陆生真核生物。毒性降低主要与硫化后Ag+可用性的降低有关，这是由于Ag 2S相对于元素Ag（Ag（0））的溶解度较低。我们还表明，在曝光介质中的氯化物确定银纳米粒子的毒性通过控制银的形态。这些结果强调了在评估其毒性时需要考虑纳米颗粒的环境转化，以准确描述其潜在的环境风险。
Nanomaterials are highly dynamic in biological and environmental media. A critical need for advancing environmental health and safety research for nanomaterials is to identify commonly occurring physical and chemical transformations affecting nanomaterial properties and toxicity. Silver nanoparticles, one of the most ecotoxic and well-studied nanomaterials, readily sulfidize in the environment. Here, we show that very low degrees of sulfidation (0.019 S/Ag mass ratio) universally and significantly decreases the toxicity of silver nanoparticles to four diverse types of aquatic and terrestrial eukaryotic organisms. Toxicity reduction is primarily associated with a decrease in Ag+ availability after sulfidation due to the lower solubility of Ag2S relative to elemental Ag (Ag(0)). We also show that chloride in exposure media determines silver nanoparticle toxicity by controlling the speciation of Ag. These results highlight the need to consider environmental transformation of NPs in assessing their toxicity to accurately portray their potential environmental risks.
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