Importance of prophages to evolution and virulence of bacterial pathogens.
Importance of prophages to evolution and virulence of bacterial pathogens.
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预言对细菌病原体的进化和毒力的重要性。
DOI：
10.4161/viru.24498
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发表时间：
2013-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Sekulovic O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fortier LC;Sekulovic O
噬菌体，或简称噬菌体，是感染细菌的病毒。据估计，生物圈中有1031个粒子，它们的数量至少是细菌的10倍，毫不奇怪，它们影响着大多数细菌物种的进化，有时是以意想不到的方式。“温和的”噬菌体在感染后能够整合到宿主的染色体中，在那里它们可以作为“静止的”前噬菌体存在，直到条件有利于它们的重新激活。由编码强毒素的原噬菌体的整合引起的溶原性转化可能是原噬菌体对病原菌进化的最决定性贡献。我们目前只掌握了总噬菌体多样性的一小部分。噬菌体生物学家一直在解开噬菌体寄生宿主的新机制。这篇综述的目的是概述一些不同的方式，通过这些方式，原噬菌体改变了生活方式，并提高了一些最危险的细菌病原体的毒力。
Bacteriophages, or simply phages, are viruses infecting bacteria. With an estimated 1031 particles in the biosphere, phages outnumber bacteria by a factor of at least 10 and not surprisingly, they influence the evolution of most bacterial species, sometimes in unexpected ways. “Temperate” phages have the ability to integrate into the chromosome of their host upon infection, where they can reside as “quiescent” prophages until conditions favor their reactivation. Lysogenic conversion resulting from the integration of prophages encoding powerful toxins is probably the most determinant contribution of prophages to the evolution of pathogenic bacteria. We currently grasp only a small fraction of the total phage diversity. Phage biologists keep unraveling novel mechanisms developed by phages to parasitize their host. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of some of the various ways by which prophages change the lifestyle and boost virulence of some of the most dangerous bacterial pathogens.
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