Efferent projections of excitatory and inhibitory preBötzinger Complex neurons.
Efferent projections of excitatory and inhibitory preBötzinger Complex neurons.
复制标题
兴奋性和抑制性前博辛格复合体神经元的传出投射。
DOI：
10.1002/cne.24415
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Feldman JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang CF;Feldman JL
preBötzinger复合体（preBötC）是产生正常呼吸节奏和模式所必需的致密髓质区域，是呼吸中枢模式发生器（CPG）的核心。大鼠的兴奋性preBötC神经元投射到与呼吸相关的主要脑干区域。在这里，我们提供了小鼠脑干连接图兴奋性和抑制性preBötC神经元。使用遗传策略标记preBötC神经元，我们证实了脑干呼吸CPG中preBötC兴奋性神经元的广泛投射，包括对侧preBötC、Bötzinger复核（BötC）、腹侧呼吸组（VRG）、孤立束核（NTS）、舌下旁核、面旁区（RTN/pFRG或pFL/pFV）、前臂旁核和Kölliker-Füse核，以及中脑导水管周围灰质（PAG）的主要投射。有趣的是，preBötC抑制性投射与兴奋性投射平行。此外，我们详细检查了脑桥上的重叠投影，发现它们针对的是相同的神经元。我们进一步探索了preBötC和高筋膜上脑区之间的直接解剖学联系，这些区域可能控制情绪和其他可能影响或受呼吸影响的复杂行为。前脑传出投射稀疏，局限于丘脑和下丘脑内的特定核，在皮层、基底节区或杏仁核、海马等其他边缘区域很少观察到突起。我们的结论是preBötC发送直接的，可能是吸气调节的，兴奋性和抑制性的投射，平行于整个大脑产生和调节呼吸模式和/或协调呼吸与其他行为，生理，认知或情绪状态的不同目标。脑干中的preBötzinger复合体（preBötC）产生吸气节奏，但它如何与核心中枢模式产生神经回路相连，产生和调节呼吸运动仍有待确定。我们研究了两组preBötC神经元的连通性，一组是表达生长抑素肽（SST）的兴奋性神经元，另一组是表达甘氨酸转运蛋白GlyT2的抑制性神经元，它们与调节呼吸的其他脑干区域的连通性，并确定了对可能调节自主呼吸和情绪控制的高筋氨酸区域的预测。PreBötC抑制性投射与兴奋性投射平行，至少在脑桥中，可能针对相同的神经元。我们的全脑连接图谱显示，preBötC将直接的，可能是吸气调节的，兴奋性和抑制性的投射平行地发送到整个大脑的不同目标。
The preBötzinger Complex (preBötC), a compact medullary region essential for generating normal breathing rhythm and pattern, is the kernel of the breathing central pattern generator (CPG). Excitatory preBötC neurons in rats project to major breathing-related brainstem regions. Here, we provide a brainstem connectivity map in mice for both excitatory and inhibitory preBötC neurons. Using a genetic strategy to label preBötC neurons, we confirmed extensive projections of preBötC excitatory neurons within the brainstem breathing CPG including the contralateral preBötC, Bötzinger Complex (BötC), ventral respiratory group (VRG), nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), parahypoglossal nucleus, parafacial region (RTN/pFRG or alternatively, pFL/pFV), parabrachial and Kölliker-Füse nuclei, as well as major projections to the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). Interestingly, preBötC inhibitory projections paralleled the excitatory projections. Moreover, we examined overlapping projections in the pons in detail and found that they targeted the same neurons. We further explored the direct anatomical link between the preBötC and suprapontine brain regions that may govern emotion and other complex behaviors that can affect or be affected by breathing. Forebrain efferent projections were sparse and restricted to specific nuclei within the thalamus and hypothalamus, with processes rarely observed in cortex, basal ganglia, or other limbic regions, e.g., amygdala or hippocampus. We conclude that the preBötC sends direct, presumably inspiratory-modulated, excitatory and inhibitory projections in parallel to distinct targets throughout the brain that generate and modulate breathing pattern and/or coordinate breathing with other behaviors, physiology, cognition, or emotional state. The preBötzinger Complex (preBötC) in the brainstem generates inspiratory rhythm, but how it is wired within the core central pattern generator neural circuit to produce and modulate breathing movements remains to be determined. We examined the connectivity of two populations of preBötC neurons, one excitatory expressing the peptide somatostatin (SST) and one inhibitory expressing the glycine transporter GlyT2, to other brainstem regions that modulate breathing and identified projections to suprapontine regions that may regulate voluntary and emotional control of breathing. PreBötC inhibitory projections parallel excitatory projections and, at least in the pons, may target the same neurons. Our brain-wide connectivity mapping shows that the preBötC sends direct, presumably inspiratory-modulated, excitatory and inhibitory projections in parallel to distinct targets throughout the brain.
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