Information processing in decision-making systems.
Information processing in decision-making systems.
复制标题
决策系统中的信息处理。
DOI：
10.1177/1073858411435128
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发表时间：
2012-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Redish AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
van der Meer M;Kurth-Nelson Z;Redish AD
决策是多个功能系统之间相互作用的结果，这些系统以非常不同的方式并行处理信息，每种方式都有优点和缺点。在这篇综述中，作者讨论了决策的三个行动选择组成部分：巴甫洛夫系统从有限的潜在行动中释放一个行动，例如接近习得的刺激。与巴甫洛夫系统一样，习惯系统的计算速度很快，但与巴甫洛夫系统不同的是，它允许任意的刺激-动作配对。这些关联是一种“前向”机制；当识别出某种情况时，就会释放该操作。相比之下，协商制度虽然灵活，但需要时间来处理。协商系统利用世界因果结构的知识来探索未来，规划行动以最大化预期回报。深思熟虑取决于想象未来可能性的能力，包括新奇的情况，并且它允许在没有之前经历过的选择的情况下做出决定。已经确定了执行每个系统的信息处理的各种解剖结构：海马体构成了世界地图，可用于搜索/想象未来；海马体构成了世界地图，可用于搜索/想象未来；背侧纹状体神经元代表情境-动作关联；腹侧纹状体维护所有三个系统的值表示。每个系统都存在可能表现为精神疾病的病理学脆弱性。了解这些系统及其与神经解剖学的关系为治疗各种疾病背后的结构问题开辟了更深层次的方法。
Decisions result from an interaction between multiple functional systems acting in parallel to process information in very different ways, each with strengths and weaknesses. In this review, the authors address three action-selection components of decision-making: The Pavlovian system releases an action from a limited repertoire of potential actions, such as approaching learned stimuli. Like the Pavlovian system, the habit system is computationally fast but, unlike the Pavlovian system permits arbitrary stimulus-action pairings. These associations are a “forward” mechanism; when a situation is recognized, the action is released. In contrast, the deliberative system is flexible but takes time to process. The deliberative system uses knowledge of the causal structure of the world to search into the future, planning actions to maximize expected rewards. Deliberation depends on the ability to imagine future possibilities, including novel situations, and it allows decisions to be taken without having previously experienced the options. Various anatomical structures have been identified that carry out the information processing of each of these systems: hippocampus constitutes a map of the world that can be used for searching/imagining the future; dorsal striatal neurons represent situation-action associations; and ventral striatum maintains value representations for all three systems. Each system presents vulnerabilities to pathologies that can manifest as psychiatric disorders. Understanding these systems and their relation to neuroanatomy opens up a deeper way to treat the structural problems underlying various disorders.
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64.8
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