Experience-dependent neural plasticity in the adult damaged brain.
Experience-dependent neural plasticity in the adult damaged brain.
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成人大脑受损的经验依赖性神经可塑性。
DOI：
10.1016/j.jcomdis.2011.04.011
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发表时间：
2011-09
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Jones, Theresa A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kerr, Abigail L.;Cheng, Shao-Ying;Jones, Theresa A.
行为体验在整个生命周期中都在改变大脑的结构和功能，但在脑损伤后它的影响尤其显着。这篇综述总结了经验在成人受损大脑重组中的作用的最新发现，重点是慢性上肢（手和手臂）损伤的啮齿动物中风模型的发现。成人大脑损伤会引发对幸存神经回路的长期而广泛的修复和重组过程。当经验影响这些相同的神经回路时，它会与退化和再生级联相互作用，从而塑造神经重组和功能结果。这在单侧感觉运动皮质梗塞的大鼠中对“良好”前肢的代偿性依赖所产生的皮质可塑性中是明显的。行为干预（例如康复训练）可以促进受损半球功能上有益的神经重组。然而，经验可能对行为产生有益和有害的影响。经验依赖性和损伤引起的神经可塑性之间的相互作用是复杂的、时间依赖性的，并且随着年龄和其他因素而变化。需要更好地理解这些相互作用，以了解如何优化大脑重塑和功能结果。读者将能够描述（a）脑损伤后对行为结果不适应的体验效果，（b）驱动功能上有益的神经可塑性的体验操纵，以及（c）康复训练效果预计会随着年龄、训练持续时间和时间而变化的原因。
Behavioral experience is at work modifying the structure and function of the brain throughout the lifespan, but it has a particularly dramatic influence after brain injury. This review summarizes recent findings on the role of experience in reorganizing the adult damaged brain, with a focus on findings from rodent stroke models of chronic upper extremity (hand and arm) impairments. A prolonged and widespread process of repair and reorganization of surviving neural circuits is instigated by injury to the adult brain. When experience impacts these same neural circuits, it interacts with degenerative and regenerative cascades to shape neural reorganization and functional outcome. This is evident in the cortical plasticity resulting from compensatory reliance on the “good” forelimb in rats with unilateral sensorimotor cortical infarcts. Behavioral interventions (e.g., rehabilitative training) can drive functionally beneficial neural reorganization in the injured hemisphere. However, experience can have both behaviorally beneficial and detrimental effects. The interactions between experience-dependent and injury-induced neural plasticity are complex, time-dependent, and varied with age and other factors. A better understanding of these interactions is needed to understand how to optimize brain remodeling and functional outcome. Readers will be able to describe (a) experience effects that are maladaptive for behavioral outcome after brain damage, (b) manipulations of experience that drive functionally beneficial neural plasticity, and (c) reasons why rehabilitative training effects can be expected to vary with age, training duration and timing.
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