Cerebellar learning mechanisms.

Cerebellar learning mechanisms.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.062
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发表时间:
2015-09-24
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Freeman, John H.
Freeman, John H.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Freeman, John H.

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回顾了小脑学习的潜在机制,强调了关于眨眼条件作用的旧争论和新观点。眨眼条件作用作为一种解释小脑学习机制的模型系统已经使用了几十年。瞬目条件反射机制的标准模型是,小脑内有两个突触可塑性过程,它们是获得条件性反应所必需的:1)平行纤维-浦肯野细胞突触的长时抑制(LTD)和2)苔藓纤维-间位核突触的长时程增强(LTP)。其他浦肯野细胞的可塑性机制也可能有助于眨眼条件反射,包括长时程增强、兴奋性和携带深核活动。最近对眨眼条件反射所需的感觉输入通路的分析表明,小脑调节其输入以促进学习和保持可塑性。因此,在眨眼条件反射过程中,小脑学习是一个动态的交互过程,最大化对重要刺激的反应,抑制对无关或多余刺激的反应。
The mechanisms underlying cerebellar learning are reviewed with an emphasis on old arguments and new perspectives on eyeblink conditioning. Eyeblink conditioning has been used for decades a model system for elucidating cerebellar learning mechanisms. The standard model of the mechanisms underlying eyeblink conditioning is that there two synaptic plasticity processes within the cerebellum that are necessary for acquisition of the conditioned response: 1) long-term depression (LTD) at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses and 2) long-term potentiation (LTP) at mossy fiber-interpositus nucleus synapses. Additional Purkinje cell plasticity mechanisms may also contribute to eyeblink conditioning including LTP, excitability, and entrainment of deep nucleus activity. Recent analyses of the sensory input pathways necessary for eyeblink conditioning indicate that the cerebellum regulates its inputs to facilitate learning and maintain plasticity. Cerebellar learning during eyeblink conditioning is therefore a dynamic interactive process which maximizes responding to significant stimuli and suppresses responding to irrelevant or redundant stimuli.
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影响因子: 5.3
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