Male reproductive development: gene expression profiling of maize anther and pollen ontogeny.
Male reproductive development: gene expression profiling of maize anther and pollen ontogeny.
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DOI：
10.1186/gb-2008-9-12-r181
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
12.3
通讯作者：
Walbot, Virginia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ma, Jiong;Skibbe, David S.;Fernandes, John;Walbot, Virginia
在开花期间，中央花药细胞由有丝分裂转变为减数分裂，最终形成含有单倍体精子的花粉。周围的四环体细胞分化支持第一次减数分裂和后来的花粉传播。每个穗状花序和每个花药内的许多花药同步发育有助于解剖精心分级的玉米花药进行转录组分析。使用44 K寡核苷酸阵列分析了代表29天花药发育的7个阶段的全球基因表达谱，查询了大约80%的玉米蛋白编码基因。成熟的单倍体花粉只包含两种细胞类型，表达10,000个转录本。花药包含5种主要的细胞类型，表达约24000种转录本类型：每个花药阶段表达约10000个组成转录本，大约10000个或更多的转录本局限于一个或几个阶段。在减数分裂期间复杂性最低。通过基因本体和聚类分析，确定了大量的阶段特异性和共表达基因，作为减数分裂前、减数分裂和减数分裂后花药发育的功能类。MADS box和锌指转录因子具有组成性和阶段性表达。我们认为，花药细胞和花粉的广泛基因表达代表了玉米基因组适应性的关键测试，允许对二倍体花药和单倍体花粉中的有害等位基因进行强选择。由于开花植物与雌性不育突变相比，雄性不育突变具有很大的倾向性，因此我们认为该适合度检验具有普遍性。由于体细胞和生发细胞在减数分裂期间都处于转录静止状态，我们假设成功完成减数分裂是触发花药体细胞成熟的必要条件。
During flowering, central anther cells switch from mitosis to meiosis, ultimately forming pollen containing haploid sperm. Four rings of surrounding somatic cells differentiate to support first meiosis and later pollen dispersal. Synchronous development of many anthers per tassel and within each anther facilitates dissection of carefully staged maize anthers for transcriptome profiling. Global gene expression profiles of 7 stages representing 29 days of anther development are analyzed using a 44 K oligonucleotide array querying approximately 80% of maize protein-coding genes. Mature haploid pollen containing just two cell types expresses 10,000 transcripts. Anthers contain 5 major cell types and express >24,000 transcript types: each anther stage expresses approximately 10,000 constitutive and approximately 10,000 or more transcripts restricted to one or a few stages. The lowest complexity is present during meiosis. Large suites of stage-specific and co-expressed genes are identified through Gene Ontology and clustering analyses as functional classes for pre-meiotic, meiotic, and post-meiotic anther development. MADS box and zinc finger transcription factors with constitutive and stage-limited expression are identified. We propose that the extensive gene expression of anther cells and pollen represents the key test of maize genome fitness, permitting strong selection against deleterious alleles in diploid anthers and haploid pollen. Because flowering plants show a substantial bias for male-sterile compared to female-sterile mutations, we propose that this fitness test is general. Because both somatic and germinal cells are transcriptionally quiescent during meiosis, we hypothesize that successful completion of meiosis is required to trigger maturation of anther somatic cells.
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影响因子：
14.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
MEYEROWITZ, EM
影响因子：
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作者：
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