Beyond stereotypes of adolescent risk taking: Placing the adolescent brain in developmental context.
Beyond stereotypes of adolescent risk taking: Placing the adolescent brain in developmental context.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dcn.2017.07.007
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发表时间：
2017-10
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Satterthwaite TD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Romer D;Reyna VF;Satterthwaite TD
青少年大脑结构和功能的变化被置于发展背景下。理论受到挑战，解释青少年之间的认知控制与感官寻求驱动器的不平衡。区分三种形式的风险决策，其中只有一个特点的不平衡，可能只适用于一个子集的青年。另一种寿命智慧模型强调了青少年探索和大脑发育的适应性特征。最近的青少年大脑发育的神经科学模型将这一时期的发病率和死亡率归因于更充分发展的边缘系统区域之间的结构和功能不平衡，这些边缘系统区域有助于奖励和情感，而不是使认知控制。我们通过区分在青春期达到顶峰的冒险行为（感觉寻求和冲动行为）和从童年到成年单调下降的冒险行为（冲动选择和已知风险下的其他决定）来挑战这种对青少年发展的解释。感觉寻求的动机主要是在模糊的风险背景下探索环境，而冲动的行动，这可能是适应不良，是一个子集的青年边缘系统的动机控制薄弱的特点。从童年到成年单调下降的风险承担主要发生在已知风险的条件下，反映了执行功能的增加以及基于gist-based推理的风险厌恶的增加。我们提出了另一种终身智慧模型，突出了在青春期通过探索获得的经验的重要性。因此，我们建议，认识到认知和经验在青春期所起的适应作用的大脑模型，为这一时期的发展提供了一个更完整和更有帮助的图景。
Changes in the structure and function of the adolescent brain are placed in developmental context. Theories are challenged that posit adolescent imbalance between cognitive control versus sensation-seeking drives. Distinction is made between three forms of risky decision making, only one of which characterizes imbalance and only may apply to a subset of youth. An alternative Life-Span Wisdom Model highlights the adaptive characteristics of adolescent exploration and brain development. Recent neuroscience models of adolescent brain development attribute the morbidity and mortality of this period to structural and functional imbalances between more fully developed limbic regions that subserve reward and emotion as opposed to those that enable cognitive control. We challenge this interpretation of adolescent development by distinguishing risk-taking that peaks during adolescence (sensation seeking and impulsive action) from risk taking that declines monotonically from childhood to adulthood (impulsive choice and other decisions under known risk). Sensation seeking is primarily motivated by exploration of the environment under ambiguous risk contexts, while impulsive action, which is likely to be maladaptive, is more characteristic of a subset of youth with weak control over limbic motivation. Risk taking that declines monotonically from childhood to adulthood occurs primarily under conditions of known risks and reflects increases in executive function as well as aversion to risk based on increases in gist-based reasoning. We propose an alternative Life-span Wisdom Model that highlights the importance of experience gained through exploration during adolescence. We propose, therefore, that brain models that recognize the adaptive roles that cognition and experience play during adolescence provide a more complete and helpful picture of this period of development.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Berns GS;Moore S;Capra CM
通讯作者：
Capra CM
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1415122111
发表时间：
2014-11-18
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Chan, Micaela Y.;Park, Denise C.;Wig, Gagan S.
通讯作者：
Wig, Gagan S.
影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Casey, B. J.;Getz, Sarah;Galvan, Adriana
通讯作者：
Galvan, Adriana
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Arnsten AF;Wang MJ;Paspalas CD
通讯作者：
Paspalas CD
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Bromberg-Martin, Ethan S.;Matsumoto, Masayuki;Hikosaka, Okihide
通讯作者：
Hikosaka, Okihide