The importance of fit in groundwater self-governance

The importance of fit in groundwater self-governance
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地下水自治中适应性的重要性

DOI:
10.1088/1748-9326/ac9a5e
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Yu, David J.
Yu, David J.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Marston, Landon T.;Zipper, Sam;Smith, Steven M.;Allen, Jonah J.;Butler, James J.;Gautam, Sukrati;Yu, David J.

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全球地下水的主要用途是灌溉农业。在许多压力很大的含水层中,维持水资源需要改变管理实践,减少抽水通常是减少地下水下降率的唯一可行选择(Deines 等人,2019 年;Butler 等人,2020 年)。从广义上讲,减少抽水的策略可以分为自上而下(其中规则由集中治理组织指定)或自下而上(灌溉者自己制定并实施维持地下水资源的策略)(Serra-Llobet 等,2016)。自上而下的方法往往难以获得受影响灌溉者的支持,并可能导致管理机构和灌溉者之间的不信任(Serra-Llobet 等人 2016 年,Molle 和 Closas 2019 年)。因此,人们越来越有动力开发自下而上、以社区为基础的地下水管理系统,以维持水资源并避免采用自上而下的方法(Smith 等,2017)。虽然自下而上的地下水公共治理可能会提供减缓或扭转地下水枯竭的解决方案,但在大型工业化农业环境中,此类系统的成功例子很少,而且尚不清楚从这些环境中吸取的经验教训是否可以转移到其他压力很大的含水层。我们认为,“适应”一个地区独特的社会和环境背景是发展有效、有弹性和适应性的自下而上治理系统的关键。这种拟合概念也称为拟合问题(Folke et al 2007),
The primary use of groundwater globally is for irrigated agriculture. In many heavily-stressed aquifers, sustaining water resources requires shifts in management practices, with reductions in pumping often being the only viable option to diminish groundwater decline rates (Deines et al 2019, Butler et al 2020). Broadly, strategies to reduce pumping can be classified as top-down, in which rules are specified by a centralized governance organization, or bottom-up, in which the irrigators themselves develop and implement a strategy to sustain groundwater resources (Serra-Llobet et al 2016). Top-down approaches often struggle with buy-in from the affected irrigators and can lead to distrust between governing agencies and irrigators (Serra-Llobet et al 2016, Molle and Closas 2019). As a result, there is a growing impetus to develop bottom-up, community-based groundwater management systems to sustain water resources and avoid the imposition of top-down approaches (Smith et al 2017). While bottom-up governance of groundwater commons may offer a solution to slow or reverse groundwater depletion, there are few successful examples of such systems in large, industrialized agricultural settings and it is unclear what lessons learned from these settings are transferable to other heavily-stressed aquifers.We argue that ‘fit’to the unique social and environmental contexts of an area is the key to developing bottom-up governance systems that are effective, resilient, and adaptable. This notion of fit, also referred to as the problem of fit (Folke et al 2007),
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生态系统与制度之间的契合问题
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