Effect of free-base and protonated nicotine on nicotine yield from electronic cigarettes with varying power and liquid vehicle.
Effect of free-base and protonated nicotine on nicotine yield from electronic cigarettes with varying power and liquid vehicle.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-73385-6
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发表时间：
2020-10-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Shihadeh A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Talih S;Salman R;El-Hage R;Karaoghlanian N;El-Hellani A;Saliba N;Shihadeh A
电子烟(ECIG)液体中的尼古丁可以游离碱或质子化(或“盐”)的形式存在。与游离基尼古丁相比，质子化尼古丁吸入后的厌恶程度较低，许多ECIG制造商已经开始销售质子化尼古丁产品，通常尼古丁浓度较高。旨在控制ECIG尼古丁输送的法规限制尼古丁浓度，但不考虑尼古丁的形式。在这项研究中，我们系统地研究了不同动力和液体载体中尼古丁形式对尼古丁产量的影响。使用康格Subox Mini-C罐ECIG(0.5%Ω)从含有15 mg/g游离碱或质子化尼古丁的液体溶液中产生不同功率(5-45W)的气溶胶，液体溶剂由丙二醇(PG)或植物甘油(VG)组成，产生四种不同的溶液(游离基/PG、游离基/VG、质子化/PG和质子化/VG)。用气相色谱-质谱法测定尼古丁产量。在所研究的任何条件下，尼古丁的产量都不受尼古丁形态的影响。在每个功率水平下，基于PG的液体产生的尼古丁产量大约是基于VG的液体的两倍。在PG和VG条件下，气雾剂中的尼古丁浓度与母液中的尼古丁浓度相匹配。在所有条件下，功率的增加都会导致尼古丁产量增加。ECIG释放的尼古丁的量与尼古丁是游离碱还是质子化的尼古丁无关，但液体载体对产量有很大影响。旨在限制尼古丁排放的法规不仅必须考虑尼古丁浓度，还必须考虑液体车辆和设备的功率。
Nicotine in electronic cigarette (ECIG) liquids can exist in a free-base or protonated (or “salt”) form. Protonated nicotine is less aversive upon inhalation than free-base nicotine, and many ECIG manufacturers have begun marketing protonated nicotine products, often with high nicotine concentrations. Regulations intended to control ECIG nicotine delivery limit nicotine concentration but do not consider nicotine form. In this study, we systematically examined the effect of nicotine form on nicotine yield for varying powers and liquid vehicles. A Kanger Subox Mini-C tank ECIG (0.5 Ω) was used to generate aerosols at varying powers (5–45 W) from liquid solutions that contained either free-base or protonated nicotine at 15 mg/g concentration, with a liquid vehicle consisting of either propylene glycol (PG) or vegetable glycerin (VG), resulting in four different solutions (free-base/PG, free-base/VG, protonated/PG, and protonated/VG). Nicotine yield was quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Nicotine yields were not influenced by nicotine form under any condition investigated. At each power level, PG-based liquids resulted in approximately double the nicotine yield of VG-based liquids. Nicotine concentrations in the aerosols matched those of the parent liquids for both the PG and VG conditions. Increasing power led to greater nicotine yield across all conditions. The amount of nicotine emitted by an ECIG is independent of whether the nicotine is free-base or protonated, however the liquid vehicle has a strong effect on yield. Regulations intended to limit nicotine emissions must consider not only nicotine concentration, but also liquid vehicle and device power.
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影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Spindle TR;Talih S;Hiler MM;Karaoghlanian N;Halquist MS;Breland AB;Shihadeh A;Eissenberg T
通讯作者：
Eissenberg T
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Talih, Soha;Balhas, Zainab;Shihadeh, Alan
通讯作者：
Shihadeh, Alan
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Hiler, Marzena;Karaoghlanian, Nareg;Talih, Soha;Maloney, Sarah;Breland, Alison;Shihadeh, Alan;Eissenberg, Thomas
通讯作者：
Eissenberg, Thomas
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Kosmider, Leon;Spindle, Tory R.;Goniewicz, Maciej Lukasz
通讯作者：
Goniewicz, Maciej Lukasz
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Harvanko, Arit M.;Havel, Christopher M.;Benowitz, Neal L.
通讯作者：
Benowitz, Neal L.