Leucokinins: Multifunctional Neuropeptides and Hormones in Insects and Other Invertebrates.

Leucokinins: Multifunctional Neuropeptides and Hormones in Insects and Other Invertebrates.
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白细胞激肽:昆虫和其他无脊椎动物中的多功能神经肽和激素。

DOI:
10.3390/ijms22041531
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发表时间:
2021-02-03
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Wu SF
Wu SF
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nässel DR;Wu SF

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白细胞激肽(Leucokinins,LKs)是一种神经肽家族,首先在蟑螂中发现,后来在许多昆虫和其他无脊椎动物中发现。LK受体与其他已知的受体只有远亲关系。在昆虫中,有许多物种的例子,其中编码LKs及其受体的基因是不存在的。此外,基因组学已经揭示LK信号传导在几种无脊椎动物门和脊椎动物中缺乏。在昆虫中,表达LK的神经元的数量和复杂性各不相同,从果蝇幼虫的简单模式,其中整个CNS具有3种主要类型的20个神经元,到蟑螂具有约250个许多不同类型的神经元。所有研究的昆虫的共同点是在腹神经索的每个腹部神经节中存在1-3对表达LK的神经分泌细胞,至少在一些昆虫中,其调节马氏管中的分泌。本文综述了LK信号在昆虫以及其他节肢动物和软体动物中的不同功能作用。这些功能包括调节离子和水的稳态、进食、睡眠-代谢相互作用、状态依赖性记忆形成以及味觉敏感性和伤害感受的调节。LK的神经元分布暗示了其他功能,但仍有待研究。
Leucokinins (LKs) constitute a neuropeptide family first discovered in a cockroach and later identified in numerous insects and several other invertebrates. The LK receptors are only distantly related to other known receptors. Among insects, there are many examples of species where genes encoding LKs and their receptors are absent. Furthermore, genomics has revealed that LK signaling is lacking in several of the invertebrate phyla and in vertebrates. In insects, the number and complexity of LK-expressing neurons vary, from the simple pattern in the Drosophila larva where the entire CNS has 20 neurons of 3 main types, to cockroaches with about 250 neurons of many different types. Common to all studied insects is the presence or 1–3 pairs of LK-expressing neurosecretory cells in each abdominal neuromere of the ventral nerve cord, that, at least in some insects, regulate secretion in Malpighian tubules. This review summarizes the diverse functional roles of LK signaling in insects, as well as other arthropods and mollusks. These functions include regulation of ion and water homeostasis, feeding, sleep–metabolism interactions, state-dependent memory formation, as well as modulation of gustatory sensitivity and nociception. Other functions are implied by the neuronal distribution of LK, but remain to be investigated.
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