Mosquito brains encode unique features of human odour to drive host seeking.

Mosquito brains encode unique features of human odour to drive host seeking.
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蚊子大脑编码人类气味的独特特征,以推动宿主寻求。

DOI:
10.1038/s41586-022-04675-4
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发表时间:
2022-05
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
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--
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埃及伊蚊是一种全球入侵性的蚊子,专门叮咬人类,使其成为一种有效的疾病载体。寻找寄主的雌性更喜欢人类的气味,而不是非人类动物的气味,但它们如何区分两者的确切方法尚不清楚。脊椎动物的气味是挥发性化学物质与许多共享成分的复杂混合物,这使得辨别成为一个有趣的感官编码挑战。在这里,我们表明,人类和动物的气味混合物唤起活动在埃及伊蚊触角叶内的嗅球的不同组合。其中一个肾小球对人类的气味反应强烈,但对动物的气味反应微弱或根本不反应。这种“人类敏感”的肾小球选择性地调节长链醛癸醛和十一醛,我们发现这些醛始终富含人类气味,并且可能来源于独特的人类皮肤脂质。使用合成的混合物,我们进一步证明,在人类敏感的肾小球信号显着增强远程主机寻求行为在风洞中,重演偏好人类超过动物的气味。我们的工作表明,动物大脑可以将与先天生物相关的复杂气味刺激提取为简单的神经代码,并为下一代蚊子控制策略的设计揭示了新的目标。
A globally invasive form of the mosquito Aedes aegypti specializes in biting humans, making it an efficient disease vector. Host-seeking females strongly prefer human odour over the odour of non-human animals, but exactly how they distinguish the two is not known. Vertebrate odours are complex blends of volatile chemicals with many shared components, making discrimination an interesting sensory coding challenge. Here we show that human and animal odour blends evoke activity in distinct combinations of olfactory glomeruli within the Aedes aegypti antennal lobe. One glomerulus in particular is strongly activated by human odour but responds weakly, or not at all, to animal odour. This ‘human-sensitive’ glomerulus is selectively tuned to the long-chain aldehydes decanal and undecanal, which we show are consistently enriched in human odour and which likely originate from unique human skin lipids. Using synthetic blends, we further demonstrate that signalling in the human-sensitive glomerulus significantly enhances long-range host-seeking behaviour in a wind tunnel, recapitulating preference for human over animal odour. Our work suggests that animal brains may distill complex odour stimuli of innate biological relevance into simple neural codes and reveals novel targets for the design of next-generation mosquito-control strategies.
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