Cognitive flexibility in adolescence: neural and behavioral mechanisms of reward prediction error processing in adaptive decision making during development.
Cognitive flexibility in adolescence: neural and behavioral mechanisms of reward prediction error processing in adaptive decision making during development.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.09.018
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Brem S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hauser TU;Iannaccone R;Walitza S;Brandeis D;Brem S
青春期与快速变化的环境需求相关，需要出色的适应技能和高度的认知灵活性。反馈引导的自适应学习和认知灵活性由奖励预测误差（RPE）信号驱动，该信号指示期望的准确性，并且可以使用计算模型来估计。尽管认知灵活性在青春期的重要性，只有很少有人知道如何在认知灵活性的RPE处理青春期和成年期之间的偏离。在这项研究中，我们通过计算模型和功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）研究了认知灵活性的发展方面。我们比较了健康青少年（12-16岁）与执行概率反向学习任务的成年人的认知灵活性的神经和行为相关性。使用修改后的风险敏感强化学习模型，我们发现青少年从消极RPE中学习的速度比成年人快。功能磁共振成像分析显示，在RPE网络中，青少年在前额叶的RPE反应发生了显着变化。这种影响似乎主要是由对负面预测错误的反应增加所驱动的。总之，我们的研究结果表明，青春期的决策不仅仅是增加了寻求奖励的行为，而是为强化学习背景下认知灵活性的行为和神经机制提供了发展视角。青少年和成年人在处理RPE方面存在差异。青少年从负面预测错误中学习得更快。前视皮层激活可能导致对RPE的敏感性改变。
Adolescence is associated with quickly changing environmental demands which require excellent adaptive skills and high cognitive flexibility. Feedback-guided adaptive learning and cognitive flexibility are driven by reward prediction error (RPE) signals, which indicate the accuracy of expectations and can be estimated using computational models. Despite the importance of cognitive flexibility during adolescence, only little is known about how RPE processing in cognitive flexibility deviates between adolescence and adulthood. In this study, we investigated the developmental aspects of cognitive flexibility by means of computational models and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We compared the neural and behavioral correlates of cognitive flexibility in healthy adolescents (12–16 years) to adults performing a probabilistic reversal learning task. Using a modified risk-sensitive reinforcement learning model, we found that adolescents learned faster from negative RPEs than adults. The fMRI analysis revealed that within the RPE network, the adolescents had a significantly altered RPE-response in the anterior insula. This effect seemed to be mainly driven by increased responses to negative prediction errors. In summary, our findings indicate that decision making in adolescence goes beyond merely increased reward-seeking behavior and provides a developmental perspective to the behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying cognitive flexibility in the context of reinforcement learning. Adolescents and adults show differences in processing RPEs. Adolescents learn faster from negative prediction errors. The anterior insula activation may cause altered sensitivity to RPEs.
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影响因子：
2.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
10.1037/a0014983
发表时间：
2009-05-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
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通讯作者：
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