Immune Correlates of COVID-19 Control.
Immune Correlates of COVID-19 Control.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2020.569611
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Kottilil S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Poonia B;Kottilil S
2019年底，由SARS - CoV2引起的COVID-19在中国出现，并很快成为一场大流行。由于该病毒是一种新型病毒，尽管研究表明在未暴露的个体中存在CoV2交叉反应性T细胞，但预计人类中不存在预先存在的CoV2特异性免疫。大多数人缺乏有效的免疫力，加上病毒的高传染性，导致了大规模的全球突发公共卫生事件。人们正在加紧努力研究病毒的发病机制和免疫反应，以帮助指导预防和治疗干预以及传播建模等流行病学评估。为了开发有效的疫苗或生物疗法，了解COVID-19控制的免疫相关因素至关重要。与此同时，康复个体的免疫力是否能有效预防再次感染，对于告知保持社交距离等干预措施非常重要。正在研究的关于COVID-19免疫反应的关键问题将有助于这些努力，包括调查区分严重感染与轻度感染患者或康复患者与死亡患者的免疫反应，康复患者免疫的持久性、治愈患者免疫发展对防止再次感染的相关性，以及康复患者的恢复期血浆作为一种潜在治疗方式的价值。这是一个广泛而迅速发展的领域，每天都有关于针对SARS-CoV2的先天性和适应性免疫状况的多份报告出现。虽然目前仍有许多问题未得到解答，但本文的目的是总结目前对COVID-19严重程度和解决方案的免疫相关因素的理解，以帮助该领域的研究人员在预防和控制方面寻求新的方向。
COVID-19 caused by SARS CoV2 emerged in China at the end of 2019 and soon become a pandemic. Since the virus is novel, pre-existing CoV2-specific immunity is not expected to exist in humans, although studies have shown presence of CoV2 cross-reactive T cells in unexposed individuals. Lack of effective immunity in most individuals along with high infectiousness of the virus has resulted in massive global public health emergency. Intense efforts are on to study viral pathogenesis and immune response to help guide prophylactic and therapeutic interventions as well as epidemiological assessments like transmission modeling. To develop an effective vaccine or biologic therapeutic, it is critical to understand the immune correlates of COVID-19 control. At the same time, whether immunity in recovered individuals is effective for preventing re-infection will be important for informing interventions like social distancing. Key questions that are being investigated regarding immune response in COVID-19 which will help these efforts include, investigations of immune response that distinguishes patients with severe versus mild infection or those that recover relative to those that succumb, durability of immunity in recovered patients and relevance of developed immunity in a cured patient for protection against re-infection as well as value of convalescent plasma from recovered patients as a potential therapeutic modality. This is a broad and rapidly evolving area and multiple reports on status of innate and adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV2 are emerging on a daily basis. While many questions remain unanswered for now, the purpose of this focused review is to summarize the current understanding regarding immune correlates of COVID-19 severity and resolution in order to assist researchers in the field to pursue new directions in prevention and control.
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