Design of Photosensitizing Agents for Targeted Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy.

Design of Photosensitizing Agents for Targeted Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy.
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DOI:
10.3390/molecules25225239
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发表时间:
2020-11-10
期刊:
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Bradley M
Bradley M
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Klausen M;Ucuncu M;Bradley M

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微生物光动力灭活因其独特的作用方式(病原体无法产生抗性)以及可以以微创方式应用而受到广泛关注。在光动力疗法 (PDT) 中,无毒光敏剂 (PS) 被特定波长的光激活,并产生高细胞毒性活性氧 (ROS),例如超氧化物(O2−,I 型机制)或单线态氧(1O2*,II 型机制)。尽管与传统治疗方法相比具有许多优势,但活性氧介导的微生物杀灭常常面临可及性、选择性差和脱靶损伤等问题。因此,已采用多种策略来开发靶向特异性抗菌 PDT (aPDT)。这包括将已知的 PS 结构单元与非特异性阳离子部分或目标特异性抗生素和抗菌肽结合,或将它们与目标纳米材料结合。在这篇综述中,我们总结了这些一般策略和相关挑战,并重点介绍了靶向 aPDT 的最新进展。
Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms has gained substantial attention due to its unique mode of action, in which pathogens are unable to generate resistance, and due to the fact that it can be applied in a minimally invasive manner. In photodynamic therapy (PDT), a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) is activated by a specific wavelength of light and generates highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O2−, type-I mechanism) or singlet oxygen (1O2*, type-II mechanism). Although it offers many advantages over conventional treatment methods, ROS-mediated microbial killing is often faced with the issues of accessibility, poor selectivity and off-target damage. Thus, several strategies have been employed to develop target-specific antimicrobial PDT (aPDT). This includes conjugation of known PS building-blocks to either non-specific cationic moieties or target-specific antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides, or combining them with targeting nanomaterials. In this review, we summarise these general strategies and related challenges, and highlight recent developments in targeted aPDT.
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