Human fetal exposure to triclosan and triclocarban in an urban population from Brooklyn, New York.
Human fetal exposure to triclosan and triclocarban in an urban population from Brooklyn, New York.
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DOI：
10.1021/es501100w
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Halden, Rolf U.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pycke, Benny F. G.;Geer, Laura A.;Dalloul, Mudar;Abulafia, Ovadia;Jenck, Alizee M.;Halden, Rolf U.
三氯生（TCS）和三氯卡班（TCC）是由美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）和美国环境保护局监管的各种消费品（包括肥皂、牙膏、医疗器械、塑料和织物）中配制的抗菌剂。2014年底，FDA将考虑规范这两种化学品的使用，这两种化学品因缺乏有效性、可能引起内分泌干扰以及可能导致细菌对抗生素产生耐药性而受到审查。在这里，我们报告的身体负担的TCS和TCC造成的现实世界中的暴露在怀孕期间。使用液相色谱串联质谱法，我们测定了TCS，TCC及其人体代谢物的浓度（2′-羟基-TCC和3′-羟基-TCC）以及生产副产物（3′-氯-TCC）作为结合物水解后来自布鲁克林城市多种族人群中181对待产母亲/婴儿队列的母体尿液和脐带血血浆中的总浓度（β-），纽约州于2007-09年征聘。结合物水解后，在100%的尿液和51%的脐带血样本中检测到TCS。尿液中检测到的TCS浓度的四分位距（IQR）与2003年至2004年国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）中年龄匹配人群先前报告的IQR高度相似，但通常高于先前报告的一般人群的IQR（检测频率= 74.6%）。本文首次报告了妊娠期间真实暴露的尿TCC水平，显示中位浓度为0.21 μg/L。尿中TCC浓度与I相代谢产物∑-2′-羟基TCC（r = 0.49）和生产副产物∑-3′-氯TCC C（r = 0.79）相关性良好，∑-2′-羟基TCC与∑-3′-羟基TCC相关性强（r = 0.99）。这项人体生物监测研究首次提供了妊娠期间接触TCC的身体负荷数据，并提供了有关TCS复合接触的额外数据（即，来自消费品使用和环境来源）在美国城市人口的母胎单位中。
Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are antimicrobial agents formulated in a wide variety of consumer products (including soaps, toothpaste, medical devices, plastics, and fabrics) that are regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In late 2014, the FDA will consider regulating the use of both chemicals, which are under scrutiny regarding lack of effectiveness, potential for endocrine disruption, and potential contribution to bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Here, we report on body burdens of TCS and TCC resulting from real-world exposures during pregnancy. Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we determined the concentrations of TCS, TCC, and its human metabolites (2′-hydroxy-TCC and 3′-hydroxy-TCC) as well as the manufacturing byproduct (3′-chloro-TCC) as total concentrations (Σ−) after conjugate hydrolysis in maternal urine and cord blood plasma from a cohort of 181 expecting mother/infant pairs in an urban multiethnic population from Brooklyn, NY recruited in 2007–09. TCS was detected in 100% of urine and 51% of cord blood samples after conjugate hydrolysis. The interquartile range (IQR) of detected TCS concentrations in urine was highly similar to the IQR reported previously for the age-matched population of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003 to 2004, but typically higher than the IQR reported previously for the general population (detection frequency = 74.6%). Urinary levels of TCC are reported here for the first time from real-world exposures during pregnancy, showing a median concentration of 0.21 μg/L. Urinary concentrations of TCC correlated well with its phase-I metabolite ∑-2′-hydroxy-TCC (r = 0.49) and the manufacturing byproduct ∑-3′-chloro-TCC C (r = 0.79), and ∑-2′-hydroxy-TCC correlated strongly with ∑-3′-hydroxy-TCC (r = 0.99). This human biomonitoring study presents the first body burden data for TCC from exposures occurring during pregnancy and provides additional data on composite exposure to TCS (i.e., from both consumer-product use and environmental sources) in the maternal–fetal unit for an urban population in the United States.
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影响因子：
10.4
作者：
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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