Trichoderma longibrachiatum (TG1) Enhances Wheat Seedlings Tolerance to Salt Stress and Resistance to Fusarium pseudograminearum.
Trichoderma longibrachiatum (TG1) Enhances Wheat Seedlings Tolerance to Salt Stress and Resistance to Fusarium pseudograminearum.
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长枝木霉 (TG1) 增强小麦幼苗对盐胁迫的耐受性和对镰刀菌的抗性
DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2021.741231
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Calderón-Urrea A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boamah S;Zhang S;Xu B;Li T;Calderón-Urrea A
盐胁迫是一种非生物胁迫，它以剂量依赖的方式抑制种子萌发和植物生长及根系发育。假禾谷镰刀菌（Fusarium pseudograminearum，Fg）是引起小麦冠腐病的一种植物病原菌。抗Fg的化学控制方法对环境有毒，并且已经在小麦作物中观察到抗性。因此，需要一种替代方法来管理这种毁灭性的疾病和盐度的影响。本研究从生理、生化和分子水平探讨了长枝木霉（Trichoderma longibrachiatum，TG 1）对Fg的寄生机制以及盐和Fg胁迫下小麦幼苗的防御诱导作用。在NaCl浓度为0、50、100和150 mM时，TG 1对Fg的平均抑制率分别为33.86%、36.32%、44.59%和46.62%。TG 1对Fg的寄生机制为缠绕、穿透和包裹Fg菌丝。响应于用Fg接种TG 1，观察到细胞壁降解酶（CWDEs）的显著上调。β-1，6-葡聚糖合成酶（PP 4）、内切几丁质酶前体（PH-1）和几丁质酶（chi 18 -15）的表达增加了1。6、1。9，第14天是第3天的1.3倍。TG 1 + Fg联合处理不同NaCl胁迫水平的小麦幼苗，病情指数平均降低51.89%，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性平均分别提高38%、61%和24.96%;丙二醛（MDA）和过氧化氢（H_2O_2）含量分别比对照降低44.07%和41.75%。TG 1 + Fg联合处理诱导植物防御相关基因的转录水平，导致酪氨酸蛋白激酶（PR 2），几丁质酶I类（CHIA 1）和病程相关蛋白（PR 1 -2）的平均增加1.15，1.35和1.37倍，分别与Fg处理相比。而苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）的表达量在不同的NaCl胁迫下增加了3.40倍。我们的研究结果表明，TG 1促进小麦幼苗生长和控制小麦冠腐病，通过加强植物防御系统和上调表达的发病相关基因在Fg和盐胁迫下。
Salinity is abiotic stress that inhibits seed germination and suppresses plant growth and root development in a dose-dependent manner. Fusarium pseudograminearum (Fg) is a plant pathogen that causes wheat crown rot. Chemical control methods against Fg are toxic to the environment and resistance has been observed in wheat crops. Therefore, an alternative approach is needed to manage this devastating disease and the effects of salinity. Our research focused on the mycoparasitic mechanisms of Trichoderma longibrachiatum (TG1) on Fg and the induction of defenses in wheat seedlings under salt and Fg stress at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels. The average inhibition rate of TG1 against Fg was 33.86%, 36.32%, 44.59%, and 46.62%, respectively, in the four NaCl treatments (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM). The mycoparasitic mechanisms of TG1 against Fg were coiling, penetration, and wrapping of Fg hyphae. In response to inoculation of TG1 with Fg, significant upregulation of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) was observed. The expression of β-1, 6-glucan synthase (PP4), endochitinase precursor (PH-1), and chitinase (chi18-15) increased by 1. 6, 1. 9, and 1.3-fold on day 14 compared with day 3. Wheat seedlings with combined TG1 + Fg treatments under different NaCl stress levels decreased disease index by an average of 51.89%; increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activity by an average of 38%, 61%, and 24.96%, respectively; and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content by an average of 44.07% and 41.75% respectively, compared with Fg treated seedlings. The combined TG1 + Fg treatment induced the transcription level of plant defense-related genes resulting in an increase in tyrosin-protein kinase (PR2), chitinase class I (CHIA1), and pathogenesis-related protein (PR1-2) by an average of 1.15, 1.35, and 1.37-fold, respectively compared to Fg treatment. However, the expression levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) increased 3.40-fold under various NaCl stresses. Our results suggest that TG1 enhances wheat seedling growth and controls wheat crown rot disease by strengthening the plant defense system and upregulating the expression of pathogenesis-related genes under both Fg and salt stress.
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影响因子：
6.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
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Lopez-Bucio, Jose
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Loake, GJ