Recollection can be weak and familiarity can be strong.
Recollection can be weak and familiarity can be strong.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0025483
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发表时间：
2012-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wixted JT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ingram KM;Mickes L;Wixted JT
记住/知道过程广泛用于研究识别记忆中的回忆和熟悉度，但使用该过程获得的几乎所有结果都可以很容易地由基于信号检测理论的一维模型容纳。一维模型认为，“记住”判断反映了较强的记忆（与高置信度、高准确性和快速反应时间相关），而“知道”判断反映了较弱的记忆（与较低置信度、较低准确性和较慢的反应时间相关）。尽管这在平均情况下总是正确的，但新的二维帐户（连续双过程模型）表明，与高置信度的“知道”判断相比，“记住”以低置信度做出的判断应与较低的旧/新准确度相关，但较高的源准确度。我们使用修改后的“记住/知道”程序测试了这一预测，并找到了支持它的证据，其中参与者首先被要求对识别测试中出现的每个单词表示基于回忆或基于熟悉度的置信度，然后被要求回忆与研究中的单词相关的颜色（红色或蓝色）和屏幕位置（顶部或底部）。对于基于熟悉度的决策，旧/新准确度随着旧/新置信度的增加而增加，但来源准确度却没有（表明更高程度的熟悉度支持更强的旧/新记忆）。对于基于回忆的决策，旧/新准确性和来源准确性都随着旧/新置信度的增加而增加（表明更强的旧/新记忆得到更高程度的回忆的支持）。这些发现表明，回忆和熟悉是连续的过程，参与者可以指出哪个过程主要有助于他们的识别决策。
The Remember/Know procedure is widely used to investigate recollection and familiarity in recognition memory, but almost all of the results obtained using that procedure can be readily accommodated by a unidimensional model based on signal-detection theory. The unidimensional model holds that Remember judgments reflect strong memories (associated with high confidence, high accuracy, and fast reaction times), whereas Know judgments reflect weaker memories (associated with lower confidence, lower accuracy, and slower reaction times). Although this is invariably true on average, a new two-dimensional account (the Continuous Dual-Process model) suggests that Remember judgments made with low confidence should be associated with lower old/new accuracy, but higher source accuracy, than Know judgments made with high confidence. We tested this prediction – and found evidence to support it – using a modified Remember/Know procedure in which participants were first asked to indicate a degree of recollection-based or familiarity-based confidence for each word presented on a recognition test and were then asked to recollect the color (red or blue) and screen location (top or bottom) associated with the word at study. For familiarity-based decisions, old/new accuracy increased with old/new confidence, but source accuracy did not (suggesting that stronger old/new memory was supported by higher degrees of familiarity). For recollection-based decisions, both old/new accuracy and source accuracy increased with old/new confidence (suggesting that stronger old/new memory was supported by higher degrees of recollection). These findings suggest that recollection and familiarity are continuous processes and that participants can indicate which process mainly contributed to their recognition decisions.
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影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Heathcote, Andrew;Raymond, Frances;Dunn, John
通讯作者：
Dunn, John
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Onyper, Serge V.;Zhang, Yaofei X.;Howard, Marc W.
通讯作者：
Howard, Marc W.
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.3456-08.2008
发表时间：
2008-10-15
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kirwan CB;Wixted JT;Squire LR
通讯作者：
Squire LR
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Donaldson, W
通讯作者：
Donaldson, W
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
MANDLER, G
通讯作者：
MANDLER, G