Biased but in doubt: conflict and decision confidence.
Biased but in doubt: conflict and decision confidence.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0015954
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发表时间：
2011-01-25
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Osman M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
De Neys W;Cromheeke S;Osman M
人类的推理常常受到直觉启发式的偏颇。一个中心问题是，这种偏见是由于未能发现直觉与传统的规范性考虑相冲突，还是由于未能摒弃诱人的直觉。本研究通过使用人们的决策信心作为冲突检测的非语言指标来解决这一悬而未决的争论。参与者被要求指出他们在解决了经典的基本速率(实验1)和联结谬误(实验2)问题后有多自信，在这些问题中，提示的直觉反应可能与传统的正确反应不一致或一致。结果表明，当理性者给出与规范反应相冲突的直觉反应时，他们的自信心明显下降。与流行的看法相反，这表明人们似乎承认他们的直觉答案并不完全合理。实验3发现，年轻的推理者还没有表现出信心的下降，这表明偏见意识的提高在我们的推理发展中起到了作用。讨论了关于人类理性的长期争论的含义。
Human reasoning is often biased by intuitive heuristics. A central question is whether the bias results from a failure to detect that the intuitions conflict with traditional normative considerations or from a failure to discard the tempting intuitions. The present study addressed this unresolved debate by using people's decision confidence as a nonverbal index of conflict detection. Participants were asked to indicate how confident they were after solving classic base-rate (Experiment 1) and conjunction fallacy (Experiment 2) problems in which a cued intuitive response could be inconsistent or consistent with the traditional correct response. Results indicated that reasoners showed a clear confidence decrease when they gave an intuitive response that conflicted with the normative response. Contrary to popular belief, this establishes that people seem to acknowledge that their intuitive answers are not fully warranted. Experiment 3 established that younger reasoners did not yet show the confidence decrease, which points to the role of improved bias awareness in our reasoning development. Implications for the long standing debate on human rationality are discussed.
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影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Evans, Jonathan St. B. T.
通讯作者：
Evans, Jonathan St. B. T.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Gigerenzer, G
通讯作者：
Gigerenzer, G
DOI：
10.1037/0096-1523.14.3.513
发表时间：
1988-08-01
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Glumicic, Tamara