Epidemiology and transmission of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.
Epidemiology and transmission of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.
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DOI：
10.3390/v6114178
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发表时间：
2014-11-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wood C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Minhas V;Wood C
本综述总结了有关卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒（KSHV）流行病学和传播的最新知识。自从二十年前发现 KSHV 以来，现在已知它与卡波西肉瘤 (KS)、原发性渗出性淋巴瘤和多中心卡斯尔曼病有关。人们进行了许多研究来了解其流行病学和发病机制，其结果清楚地表明 KSHV 在世界范围内的分布是不均匀的。一些地理区域，如撒哈拉以南非洲、地中海地区和中国新疆地区是流行地区，但西欧和美国在一般人群中的患病率较低。这使得了解与获得感染相关的风险因素势在必行。 KSHV 可通过性接触和非性途径传播，例如输入受污染的血液和组织移植，或通过唾液接触传播。目前普遍认为唾液传播是主要传播途径，特别是对于居住在流行地区的儿童。因此，有必要更好地了解幼儿的传播来源。此外，缺乏研究传播的动物模型、金标准血清学检测以及缺乏对地方性 KS 研究的重视，阻碍了进一步描述 KSHV 传播以设计有效的预防策略的努力。
This review summarizes the current knowledge pertaining to Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) epidemiology and transmission. Since the identification of KSHV twenty years ago, it is now known to be associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman’s disease. Many studies have been conducted to understand its epidemiology and pathogenesis and their results clearly show that the worldwide distribution of KSHV is uneven. Some geographical areas, such as sub-Saharan Africa, the Mediterranean region and the Xinjiang region of China, are endemic areas, but Western Europe and United States have a low prevalence in the general population. This makes it imperative to understand the risk factors associated with acquisition of infection. KSHV can be transmitted via sexual contact and non-sexual routes, such as transfusion of contaminated blood and tissues transplants, or via saliva contact. There is now a general consensus that salivary transmission is the main route of transmission, especially in children residing in endemic areas. Therefore, there is a need to better understand the sources of transmission to young children. Additionally, lack of animal models to study transmission, gold standard serological assay and the lack of emphasis on endemic KS research has hampered the efforts to further delineate KSHV transmission in order to design effective prevention strategies.
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