Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Interaction with Myeloid Cells In Vivo

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Interaction with Myeloid Cells In Vivo
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单纯疱疹病毒 1 与体内骨髓细胞的相互作用

DOI:
10.1128/jvi.00881-16
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Shivkumar M
Shivkumar M
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shivkumar M

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单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)通过嗅上皮细胞进入小鼠体内,然后在三叉神经节(TG)定植。大多数TG神经末梢是上皮下的,因此这种定植意味着上皮下病毒传播,其中髓样细胞提供了重要的防线。HSV-1体外感染髓系细胞的结果取决于它们的分化状态;体内结果尚不清楚。上皮HSV-1通常感染骨髓细胞,Cre-Lox病毒标记显示鼻和肺感染通过LysM阳性(LysM+)和CD 11 c+细胞。相比之下,暴露于淋巴传播的HSV-1的被膜下窦巨噬细胞(SSM)仅在I型干扰素(IFN-I)信号传导被阻断时才允许;通常,它们的感染被抑制。因此,髓系细胞感染的结果有助于确定HSV-1的分布:上皮下髓系细胞提供了从嗅上皮到TG神经元的传播途径,而SSM阻止了全身性的传播。重要提示单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)感染大多数人,并可导致严重的疾病。这反映了它在连接嘴、鼻子、眼睛和脸部的神经细胞中的持久性。已经确定的感染似乎不可能清除。因此,我们必须了解它是如何开始的。这在人类中是困难的,但小鼠显示HSV-1通过鼻子进入,然后扩散到其首选的神经细胞。我们表明,这种传播的收益部分通过骨髓细胞,这通常在宿主防御功能。骨髓感染在某些情况下是生产性的,但在其他情况下被干扰素有效抑制。因此,作用于骨髓细胞的干扰素可以阻止HSV-1的传播,增强这种防御提供了一种改善感染控制的方法。
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) enters mice via olfactory epithelial cells and then colonizes the trigeminal ganglia (TG). Most TG nerve endings are subepithelial, so this colonization implies subepithelial viral spread, where myeloid cells provide an important line of defense. The outcome of infection of myeloid cells by HSV-1in vitrodepends on their differentiation state; the outcomein vivois unknown. Epithelial HSV-1 commonly infected myeloid cells, and Cre-Lox virus marking showed nose and lung infections passing through LysM-positive (LysM+) and CD11c+cells. In contrast, subcapsular sinus macrophages (SSMs) exposed to lymph-borne HSV-1 were permissive only when type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling was blocked; normally, their infection was suppressed. Thus, the outcome of myeloid cell infection helped to determine the HSV-1 distribution: subepithelial myeloid cells provided a route of spread from the olfactory epithelium to TG neurons, while SSMs blocked systemic spread.IMPORTANCEHerpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infects most people and can cause severe disease. This reflects its persistence in nerve cells that connect to the mouth, nose, eye, and face. Established infection seems impossible to clear. Therefore, we must understand how it starts. This is difficult in humans, but mice show HSV-1 entry via the nose and then spread to its preferred nerve cells. We show that this spread proceeds in part via myeloid cells, which normally function in host defense. Myeloid infection was productive in some settings but was efficiently suppressed by interferon in others. Therefore, interferon acting on myeloid cells can stop HSV-1 spread, and enhancing this defense offers a way to improve infection control.
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