Racial disparities in liver cancer: Evidence for a role of environmental contaminants and the epigenome.
Racial disparities in liver cancer: Evidence for a role of environmental contaminants and the epigenome.
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DOI：
10.3389/fonc.2022.959852
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Hoyo, Cathrine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vidal, Adriana C. C.;Moylan, Cynthia A. A.;Wilder, Julius;Grant, Delores J. J.;Murphy, Susan K. K.;Hoyo, Cathrine
自20世纪80年代初以来，肝癌发病率增加了两倍，使这种疾病成为增长最快的癌症类型之一，也是全球癌症相关死亡的第三大原因。在美国，发病率因地理位置和种族而异，在西南部和东南部各州以及西班牙裔和黑人等少数种族中发病率最高。这些人群的预后也较差。观察到的种族差异并不能完全反映危险因素患病率的差异，例如，可能发展为肝癌的肝硬化或遗传易感性。可能造成风险的主要因素是环境因素，包括化学和非化学压力源；然而，缺乏对机制的认识阻碍了预防工作。在这里，我们回顾了目前的文献，并评估了减少肝癌差异的挑战。我们还讨论了表观遗传介质可能为早期检测提供生物标志物的假设，以支持减少差异的干预措施。
Liver cancer incidence has tripled since the early 1980s, making this disease one of the fastest rising types of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In the US, incidence varies by geographic location and race, with the highest incidence in the southwestern and southeastern states and among racial minorities such as Hispanic and Black individuals. Prognosis is also poorer among these populations. The observed ethnic disparities do not fully reflect differences in the prevalence of risk factors, e.g., for cirrhosis that may progress to liver cancer or from genetic predisposition. Likely substantial contributors to risk are environmental factors, including chemical and non-chemical stressors; yet, the paucity of mechanistic insights impedes prevention efforts. Here, we review the current literature and evaluate challenges to reducing liver cancer disparities. We also discuss the hypothesis that epigenetic mediators may provide biomarkers for early detection to support interventions that reduce disparities.
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