Hypothetical Choice, Egalitarianism and the Separateness of Persons

Hypothetical Choice, Egalitarianism and the Separateness of Persons
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假设选择、平等主义和人的分离

DOI:
10.1017/s0953820814000363
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
影响因子:
0.9
通讯作者:
HYAMS K
HYAMS K
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
HYAMS K

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运气平均主义者声称,非选择风险产生的劣势比选择风险产生的劣势更严重。我认为劣势出现在一个非选择的风险中(如果弱势主体有能力的话,他/她会拒绝承担)比出现在一个非选择的风险中(弱势主体不会拒绝承担)更严重。这种观点很重要,因为它允许运气平等主义者和优先主义者对Voorhoeve和Fleurbaey的指控做出回应,即他们未能适应关于人际界限的道德相关性的直觉-所谓的个人分离反对。我认为,这种观点是合理的,独立于它回答个人分离反对的能力,是运气平等主义对非选择环境影响的关注的自然延伸。
Luck egalitarians claim that disadvantage is worse when it emerges from an unchosen risk than when it emerges from a chosen risk. I argue that disadvantage is also worse when it emerges from an unchosen risk that the disadvantaged agent would have declined to take, had he or she been able to do so, than when it emerges from an unchosen risk that the disadvantaged agent would not have declined to take. Such a view is significant because it allows both luck egalitarians and prioritarians to respond to Voorhoeve and Fleurbaey's charge that they fail to accommodate intuitions about the moral relevance of interpersonal boundaries – the so-called separateness of persons objection. I argue that the view is plausible independently of its ability to answer the separateness of persons objection, and is a natural extension of the luck egalitarian concern with the impact of unchosen circumstance.
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