The Use of Virtual Reality in the Study of People's Responses to Violent Incidents.
The Use of Virtual Reality in the Study of People's Responses to Violent Incidents.
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DOI：
10.3389/neuro.08.059.2009
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Slater M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rovira A;Swapp D;Spanlang B;Slater M
本文回顾了人们对数字媒体暴力反应的研究方法，特别考虑了内部有效性和生态有效性或结果对真实的世界事件的可推广性问题。实验方法通常涉及对现实的高度抽象，要求参与者执行与真实的生活中的暴力行为相去甚远的任务，因此其生态有效性值得怀疑。另一方面，基于实地数据的研究虽然具有生态有效性，但无法控制可能对观测结果产生影响的多个混杂变量，因此其内部有效性值得怀疑。有人认为，沉浸式虚拟现实可以提供这两种方法的统一。由于人们倾向于现实地回应虚拟现实中发生的情况和事件，并且由于虚拟现实模拟可以完全控制用于实验目的，因此对虚拟现实中暴力反应的研究可能具有生态和内部有效性。这取决于一个我们称之为“可解释性”的属性-包括所描述的情况与先验知识和期望的保真度。我们用以前发表的实验数据来说明这一点，斯坦利·米尔格拉姆20世纪60年代服从实验的虚拟重现，以及正在开发的一项新研究的试点数据，该研究着眼于旁观者对暴力事件的反应。
This paper reviews experimental methods for the study of the responses of people to violence in digital media, and in particular considers the issues of internal validity and ecological validity or generalisability of results to events in the real world. Experimental methods typically involve a significant level of abstraction from reality, with participants required to carry out tasks that are far removed from violence in real life, and hence their ecological validity is questionable. On the other hand studies based on field data, while having ecological validity, cannot control multiple confounding variables that may have an impact on observed results, so that their internal validity is questionable. It is argued that immersive virtual reality may provide a unification of these two approaches. Since people tend to respond realistically to situations and events that occur in virtual reality, and since virtual reality simulations can be completely controlled for experimental purposes, studies of responses to violence within virtual reality are likely to have both ecological and internal validity. This depends on a property that we call ‘plausibility’ – including the fidelity of the depicted situation with prior knowledge and expectations. We illustrate this with data from a previously published experiment, a virtual reprise of Stanley Milgram's 1960s obedience experiment, and also with pilot data from a new study being developed that looks at bystander responses to violent incidents.
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影响因子：
7.6
作者：
BUSHMAN, BJ
通讯作者：
BUSHMAN, BJ
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
DAVISON, GC;ROBINS, C;JOHNSON, MK
通讯作者：
JOHNSON, MK
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Anderson, CA;Bushman, BJ
通讯作者：
Bushman, BJ
影响因子：
16.4
作者：
Benjamin, Ludy T., Jr.;Simpson, Jeffry A.
通讯作者：
Simpson, Jeffry A.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Draper, JV;Kaber, DB;Usher, JM
通讯作者：
Usher, JM