Small fruit flies sacrifice temporal acuity to maintain contrast sensitivity.
Small fruit flies sacrifice temporal acuity to maintain contrast sensitivity.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.visres.2018.05.007
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发表时间：
2018-08
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Theobald JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Currea JP;Smith JL;Theobald JC
对于像果蝇这样的全变态昆虫，生长仅限于发育的幼虫阶段，并且自然界中常见的有限幼虫喂养导致较小的成虫。尽管视力对苍蝇很重要，但较小的成年人拥有较小的眼睛，原则上，由于较小的光学元件，必须牺牲空间敏锐度或对比敏感度。由于果蝇的视力目前是从统一的大，实验室饲养的成年人，如何早期发展影响成年人的视力是未知的。较小的眼睛是否会通过增加小眼内角而牺牲空间敏锐度，或通过减小小眼直径而牺牲敏感度？此外，视觉系统是否可以通过时间或空间汇集来神经适应这些光学约束？为了解决这些问题，我们首先通过在第三龄期间从其食物中取出幼虫来产生身体（1.67-2.34mm; n=24）和眼睛长度（0.33-0.44mm; n=24）的广泛分布，从而产生与野生蝇更相似的蝇。然后，我们测量了小眼睛的光学牺牲，发现较小的眼睛（0.19 vs. 0.07mm2）具有显著更少（978 vs. 540，n=45）和更小的小眼（222 vs. 121μm2; n=45），由稍宽的小眼间角（4.5 vs. 5.5°; n=34）分开。这对应于对比敏感度（<50%）比空间敏锐度（<20%）更大的损失。最后，使用飞行竞技场和心理物理学范例，我们发现较小的苍蝇失去很少的空间敏锐度（0.126 vs. 0.118CPD; n=45），并恢复对比敏感度（2.22两者; n=65）通过牺牲时间敏锐度（26.3 vs. 10.8Hz; n=112）在神经水平。因此，较小的果蝇牺牲对比敏感度以维持光学水平的空间敏锐度，但通过牺牲神经水平的时间敏锐度几乎完全恢复对比敏感度。
For holometabolous insects like the fruit fly, growth is restricted to the larval stages of development and limited larval feeding, common in nature, results in smaller adult flies. Despite the importance of vision to flies, smaller adults possess smaller eyes that, in principle, must sacrifice spatial acuity or contrast sensitivity due to smaller optics. Because fruit fly vision is currently understood from uniformly large, lab-reared adults, how early development affects adult vision is unknown. Do smaller eyes sacrifice spatial acuity, by increasing their inter-ommatidial angles, or sensitivity, by decreasing their ommatidial diameters? Further, might the visual system neurally adapt to these optical constraints via temporal or spatial pooling? To address these questions, we first generate a broad distribution of body (1.67–2.34mm; n=24) and eye lengths (0.33–0.44mm; n=24) by removing larvae from their food during their third instar, resulting in flies more similar to those in the wild. Then, we measure the optical sacrifices of small eyes, finding that smaller eyes (0.19 vs. 0.07mm2) have substantially fewer (978 vs. 540, n=45) and smaller ommatidia (222 vs. 121μm2; n=45) separated by slightly wider inter-ommatidial angles (4.5 vs. 5.5°; n=34). This corresponds to a greater loss in contrast sensitivity (<50%) than spatial acuity (<20%). Finally, using a flight arena and psychophysics paradigm, we find that smaller flies lose little spatial acuity (0.126 vs. 0.118CPD; n=45), and recover contrast sensitivity (2.22 for both; n=65) by sacrificing temporal acuity (26.3 vs. 10.8Hz; n=112) at the neural level. Therefore smaller flies sacrifice contrast sensitivity to maintain spatial acuity at the optical level, but recover contrast sensitivity, almost completely, by sacrificing temporal acuity at the neural level.
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00611046
发表时间：
1979-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
HEISENBERG, M;WOLF, R
通讯作者：
WOLF, R
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
READY, DF;HANSON, TE;BENZER, S
通讯作者：
BENZER, S
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
COSENS, D;SPATZ, HC
通讯作者：
SPATZ, HC
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
RENSCH, B
通讯作者：
RENSCH, B
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2008.1796
发表时间：
2009-07-22
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Shingleton, Alexander W.;Estep, Chad M.;Dworkin, Ian
通讯作者：
Dworkin, Ian