Environmental exposures and asthma morbidity in children living in urban neighborhoods.
Environmental exposures and asthma morbidity in children living in urban neighborhoods.
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作者：
Matsui EC
二十多年来，人们已经认识到，与非城市儿童相比，城市儿童的哮喘患病率和发病率存在显著差异。由于城市社区的性质，害虫过敏原，如蟑螂和老鼠，在美国城市房屋中存在高浓度，并一再被认为与过敏儿童的哮喘发病率有关。此外，越来越多的证据表明，在美国和欧洲的城市社区，室内许多污染物的浓度都高于室外，暴露于室内污染物，如颗粒物(PM)和二氧化氮(NO2)，与哮喘儿童的症状独立相关。尽管环境干预措施的实施具有挑战性，但当它们减少相关的室内过敏原和污染物暴露时，它们与哮喘的明显改善有关。城市儿童哮喘出现的其他可改变的危险因素包括饮食和营养因素。例如，超重和肥胖的儿童可能更容易受到污染物暴露对肺部的影响。维生素D和叶酸不足也已成为儿童哮喘发病率的可改变的危险因素。城市儿童哮喘发病率的这些可改变的危险因素的确定为干预提供了一个成熟的机会。
A substantial disparity in asthma prevalence and morbidity among urban children compared with their nonurban counterparts has been recognized for more than two decades. Because of the nature of urban neighborhoods, pest allergens, such as cockroach and mouse, are present in high concentrations in US urban housing and have both repeatedly been linked to asthma morbidity in sensitized children. In addition, there is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that concentrations of many pollutants are higher indoors than outdoors in both US and European urban communities and that exposures to indoor pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are independently associated with symptoms in children with asthma. Although environmental interventions are challenging to implement, when they reduce relevant indoor allergen and pollutant exposures, they are associated with clear improvements in asthma. Other modifiable risk factors in urban childhood asthma that have emerged include dietary and nutritional factors. Overweight and obese children, for example, may be more susceptible to the pulmonary effects of pollutant exposure. Insufficiency of vitamin D and folate has also emerged as modifiable risk factors for asthma morbidity in children. The identification of these modifiable risk factors for urban childhood asthma morbidity offers a ripe opportunity for intervention.
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影响因子：
10
作者：
Annesi-Maesano I;Hulin M;Lavaud F;Raherison C;Kopferschmitt C;de Blay F;Charpin DA;Denis C
通讯作者：
Denis C
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Dong, G. H.;Qian, Z.;Trevathan, E.
通讯作者：
Trevathan, E.
影响因子：
12.4
作者：
Carlsen, KCL;Carlsen, KH;Mehl, R
通讯作者：
Mehl, R
影响因子：
14.2
作者：
Lu, Kim D.;Breysse, Patrick N.;Diette, Gregory B.;Curtin-Brosnan, Jean;Aloe, Charles;Williams, D'Ann L.;Peng, Roger D.;McCormack, Meredith C.;Matsui, Elizabeth C.
通讯作者：
Matsui, Elizabeth C.
影响因子：
14.2
作者：
deBlay, F;Sanchez, J;Pauli, G
通讯作者：
Pauli, G