Sleeping sickness and its relationship with development and biodiversity conservation in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia.
Sleeping sickness and its relationship with development and biodiversity conservation in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13071-015-0827-0
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发表时间：
2015-04-15
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Welburn SC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson NE;Mubanga J;Machila N;Atkinson PM;Dzingirai V;Welburn SC
卢安瓜山谷与非洲人类锥虫病（HAT）有着悠久的历史联系，是该疾病的公认地理焦点。它还因其高度的生物多样性而享誉国际，并拥有许多宝贵的栖息地。几个世纪以来，山谷的当地居民发展了与野生动物共存的可持续土地利用系统，主要是由于非洲动物锥虫的威胁，他们采用了非牲畜饲养的做法。人类昏睡病的历史流行影响了社区的定居方式和地点，并对山谷的发展产生了深远的影响。历史上控制锥虫病的尝试也对生物多样性的保护产生了负面影响。对野生动物利用的集中控制使当地社区在管理野生动物资源方面处于边缘地位。世纪后半叶实施的以社区为基础的自然资源管理方案在某种程度上扭转了这种情况，卢安瓜河谷提供了此类方案的一些最早的例子。最近，由于东部高原地区的资源受到压力、当地酋长的鼓励以及姆富韦旅游中心的经济发展，大量人口不受控制地迁移到卢安瓜河谷中部。这改变了土地使用模式，最显著的是通过畜牧业和棉花生产促进农业发展。这些变化有可能改变HAT传播的地方性稳定模式，并可能对生态系统健康和生态系统服务产生重大影响。在本文中，我们回顾了历史的HAT的保护和发展的背景下，并考虑目前的变化可能对这个复杂的社会生态系统的影响。我们的结论是，需要更好的理解，以确定具体的情况下，可以实现双赢的权衡之间的保护生物多样性和减少疾病的人口。
The Luangwa Valley has a long historical association with Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) and is a recognised geographical focus of this disease. It is also internationally acclaimed for its high biodiversity and contains many valuable habitats. Local inhabitants of the valley have developed sustainable land use systems in co-existence with wildlife over centuries, based on non-livestock keeping practices largely due to the threat from African Animal Trypanosomiasis. Historical epidemics of human sleeping sickness have influenced how and where communities have settled and have had a profound impact on development in the Valley. Historical attempts to control trypanosomiasis have also had a negative impact on conservation of biodiversity. Centralised control over wildlife utilisation has marginalised local communities from managing the wildlife resource. To some extent this has been reversed by the implementation of community based natural resource management programmes in the latter half of the 20th century and the Luangwa Valley provides some of the earliest examples of such programmes. More recently, there has been significant uncontrolled migration of people into the mid-Luangwa Valley driven by pressure on resources in the eastern plateau region, encouragement from local chiefs and economic development in the tourist centre of Mfuwe. This has brought changing land-use patterns, most notably agricultural development through livestock keeping and cotton production. These changes threaten to alter the endemically stable patterns of HAT transmission and could have significant impacts on ecosystem health and ecosystem services. In this paper we review the history of HAT in the context of conservation and development and consider the impacts current changes may have on this complex social-ecological system. We conclude that improved understanding is required to identify specific circumstances where win-win trade-offs can be achieved between the conservation of biodiversity and the reduction of disease in the human population.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Keesing F;Belden LK;Daszak P;Dobson A;Harvell CD;Holt RD;Hudson P;Jolles A;Jones KE;Mitchell CE;Myers SS;Bogich T;Ostfeld RS
通讯作者：
Ostfeld RS
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Ducheyne, E.;Mweempwa, C.;De Pus, C.;Vernieuwe, H.;De Deken, R.;Hendrickx, G.;Van den Bossche, P.
通讯作者：
Van den Bossche, P.
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
GIBSON, CC;MARKS, SA
通讯作者：
MARKS, SA
DOI：
10.1080/00034983.1969.11686618
发表时间：
1969-01-01
影响因子：
--
作者：
KEYMER, IF
通讯作者：
KEYMER, IF
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Jones KE;Patel NG;Levy MA;Storeygard A;Balk D;Gittleman JL;Daszak P
通讯作者：
Daszak P