Going Beyond the Catch-22 of Autism Diagnosis and Research. The Moral Implications of (Not) Asking "What Is Autism?".
Going Beyond the Catch-22 of Autism Diagnosis and Research. The Moral Implications of (Not) Asking "What Is Autism?".
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2020.529193
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Hens K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bervoets J;Hens K
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）等精神病诊断主要基于行为标准。大多数关于ASD的生物医学研究的目的是揭示导致甚至导致病理行为的潜在机制。然而，在哲学和社会学文献中，有人认为自闭症在某种程度上也是一种“社会建构”，不能仅仅归结为生物学解释。我们表明，一个片面的坚持无论是生物或社会的解释导致道德困境，一个第二十二条军规，自闭症患者和那些与他们生活。这样的解释关闭了自我认定为自闭症的空间，同时被认为精神健康状况良好。他们排除了理解自闭症患者（和自闭症患者）生活经历的可能性。在本文中，我们认为，这种缺乏道德想象力的空间，内在地导致科学僵局。我们认为，只有在理论化过程中采取伦理立场，才能超越这种僵局，这种立场能使主体间的理解更好。只有在这样的观点下，行为和生物学才能联系起来，而不会将它们分开，也不会将两者混为一谈。
Psychiatric diagnoses such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are primarily attributed on the basis of behavioral criteria. The aim of most of the biomedical research on ASD is to uncover the underlying mechanisms that lead to or even cause pathological behavior. However, in the philosophical and sociological literature, it has been suggested that autism is also to some extent a ‘social construct’ that cannot merely be reduced to its biological explanation. We show that a one-sided adherence to either a biological or a social explanation leads to a moral dilemma, a Catch-22, for autistics and for those living with them. Such explanations close the space for self-identifying as autistic and at the same time being considered to be in good mental health. They foreclose the possibility of making sense of the lived experience of (and with) autistics. In this paper we argue that such lack of space for moral imagination inherently leads to scientific stalemate. We propose that one can only go beyond this stalemate by taking an ethical stance in theorizing, one that enables better intersubjective understanding. Only on such a view can behavior and biology be linked without either disconnecting them or reducing the one to the other.
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