Sex and ovarian hormones influence vulnerability and motivation for nicotine during adolescence in rats.
Sex and ovarian hormones influence vulnerability and motivation for nicotine during adolescence in rats.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pbb.2009.07.004
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发表时间：
2009-11
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Lynch, Wendy J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lynch, Wendy J.
关键词：
这项研究的目的是检验青春期对尼古丁增强效应的敏感度的性别差异，青春期是一个以性腺激素水平快速而显著变化为特征的激素过渡阶段。雄性和雌性大鼠从出生后第30天开始按固定比例1进行尼古丁自我给药训练(5或10微克/公斤/输注)。采集后，根据累进比率计划进行反应评估，直到出生后第45天，在前5次会议之前进行血液采样，以确定性腺激素(即女性的雌二醇孕酮和男性的睾酮)与尼古丁反应之间的关系。在低剂量条件下，女性获得尼古丁自我给药的比例高于男性。在累进比率测试条件下，尽管青春期女性和男性最初的反应水平相似，但在青少年测试期结束时，女性在获得尼古丁注射方面的反应水平高于男性。累进比率时间表下的反应水平与孕酮呈负相关，与雌二醇/孕酮的比率呈正相关。这些发现表明，与青春期男性相比，青春期女性对尼古丁的强化作用具有更高的敏感性，有证据表明循环中的激素水平调节了这种敏感性。
The purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in sensitivity to nicotine’s reinforcing effects during adolescence, a hormone transition phase characterized by rapid and marked changes in levels of gonadal hormones. Male and female rats were trained to self-administer nicotine (5 or 10 µg/kg/infusion) under a fixed-ratio 1 schedule beginning on postnatal day 30. Following acquisition, responding was assessed under a progressive-ratio schedule until postnatal day 45 with blood sampling occurring prior to the first 5 sessions in order to determine the relationship between gonadal hormones (i.e., estradiol and progesterone in females and testosterone in males) and responding for nicotine. Under low dose conditions, a greater percentage of females than males acquired nicotine self-administration. Under progressive-ratio testing conditions, although adolescent females and males initially responded at similar levels, by the end of the adolescent testing period, females responded at higher levels than males to obtain nicotine infusions. Levels of responding under the progressive-ratio schedule were negatively associated with progesterone and positively associated with the ratio of estradiol to progesterone. These findings demonstrate an enhanced sensitivity in adolescent females as compared to adolescent males to nicotine’s reinforcing effects with evidence implicating circulating hormone levels as modulating this sensitivity.
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