Sex differences in vulnerability to addiction.
Sex differences in vulnerability to addiction.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108491
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发表时间：
2021-04-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Becker JB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Quigley JA;Logsdon MK;Turner CA;Gonzalez IL;Leonardo NB;Becker JB
本文回顾了性别差异在成瘾易感性方面的证据，重点介绍了这些差异背后的神经机制。性腺激素雌二醇与上升的端脑多巴胺系统相互作用的方式的性别差异导致了动机行为的性别差异，包括寻求毒品。在啮齿类动物中，反复接触精神刺激剂在更大程度上增强了雌性啮齿动物的激励敏感化。雌二醇增加了女性获得精神刺激剂的动机，并提高了与药物有关的线索的价值，最终增加了她们自发复发的易感性。这一点，加上女性改变对危险行为的决定的能力受到抑制，增加了她们对药物使用升级的脆弱性。在男性中，最近的证据表明，雌二醇可能对药物偏好的易感性具有保护作用。综述雌二醇作用的性别差异，为理解未来的研究如何加强对成瘾相关行为的性别差异机制的理解提供基础，这取决于雌二醇受体亚型及其作用于大脑的区域。对ERα、ERβ和GPER1在啮齿类动物大脑中的分布进行了全面的综述，并讨论了这些模式在两性之间不同地调节药物服用的可能方式。文章最后简要讨论了性腺激素在应激系统回路中的作用，包括下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴和CRF的调节。压力系统中的性别差异也可能导致女性更容易上瘾。
This article reviews the evidence for sex differences in vulnerability to addiction with an emphasis on the neural mechanisms underlying these differences. Sex differences in the way that the gonadal hormone, estradiol, interacts with the ascending telencephalic dopamine system results in sex differences in motivated behaviors, including drug seeking. In rodents, repeated psychostimulant exposure enhances incentive sensitization to a greater extent in females than males. Estradiol increases females’ motivation to attain psychostimulants and enhances the value of drug related cues, which ultimately increases their susceptibility towards spontaneous relapse. This, along with females’ dampened ability to alter decisions regarding risky behaviors, enhances their vulnerability for escalation of drug use. In males, recent evidence suggests that estradiol may be protective against susceptibility towards drug-preference. Sex differences in the actions of estradiol are reviewed to provide a foundation for understanding how future research might enhance understanding of the mechanisms of sex differences in addiction-related behaviors, which are dependent on estradiol receptor subtype and the region of the brain they are acting in. A comprehensive review of the distribution of ERα, ERβ, and GPER1 throughout the rodent brain are provided along with a discussion of the possible ways in which these patterns differentially regulate drug-taking between the sexes. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the actions of gonadal hormones on the circuitry of the stress system, including the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and regulation of CRF. Sex differences in the stress system can also contribute to females’ enhanced vulnerability towards addiction.
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影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Becker, Jill B.;McClellan, Michele L.;Reed, Beth Glover
通讯作者：
Reed, Beth Glover
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
BECKER, JB;CHA, JH
通讯作者：
CHA, JH
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03564.x
发表时间：
2001-01-01
期刊：
BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF COCAINE ADDICTION
影响因子：
--
作者：
Becker, JB;Molenda, H;Hummer, DL
通讯作者：
Hummer, DL
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
BAZZETT, TJ;BECKER, JB
通讯作者：
BECKER, JB
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Becker, JB;Rudick, CN
通讯作者：
Rudick, CN