Once bitten, twice shy: Aggressive and defeated pigs begin agonistic encounters with more negative emotions.
Once bitten, twice shy: Aggressive and defeated pigs begin agonistic encounters with more negative emotions.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105488
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发表时间：
2021-11
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Turner SP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oldham L;Arnott G;Camerlink I;Doeschl-Wilson A;Farish M;Wemelsfelder F;Turner SP
不熟悉的商品猪之间的攻击行为很常见，并且可能会引起参赛者的强烈情绪。此外，比赛结果会影响随后的攻击行为，这表明对情感状态有潜在的持久影响。在这里，我们结合使用定性和定量方法来评估猪在竞争性遭遇中的情绪表达。我们研究了最近的胜利或失败如何影响随后比赛中表达的情绪，以及攻击性作为情绪表达中的人格特质的作用。我们观察了最近赢得或输掉一场比赛（第一次比赛；10 周）的不同攻击性动物（使用两种常驻入侵者测试分类为 Agg+ 或 Agg-，年龄 9 周）的升级前比赛行为（第二次比赛；13 周）。我们测量了注视方向和耳朵位置。观察者观看了第二场比赛最初 30 秒的视频片段，并使用定性行为评估 (QBA) 和 20 个描述性术语的固定列表来评估 57 头猪（25 头比赛 1 获胜者，32 头比赛 1 失败者）的情绪表达。 QBA 确定了三个主要成分 (PC)，占变异的 68%：PC1（激动/紧张到放松/满足）、PC2（恐惧/漫无目的到自信/享受）和 PC3（无精打采/冷漠）。综合猪和雄性表现出更积极的情绪（PC2）。 PC1和PC3没有受到第一场比赛结果和攻击性的影响。在比赛早期，Agg+ 猪更有可能将耳朵向后缩（X2 = 7.8，p = 0.005）。在比赛结果 × 攻击性交互作用中检测到注意力差异（χ24.3，p = 0.04），其中接近对手仅受 Agg-pigs 的输赢影响。 QBA和凝视行为揭示了不同攻击性的猪之间情绪效价的差异：攻击性较小的猪可能更容易受到胜利和失败的情绪影响，但总体而言，攻击性较高的猪在竞争性遭遇开始时表现出更多的负面情绪。猪遇到新对手时的情绪表达受到过去比赛经验的影响。先前的失败者比获胜者更多地注视着出口。攻击性人格影响耳朵姿势、注视方向和情绪表达。
Aggression between unfamiliar commercial pigs is common and likely invokes strong emotions in contestants. Furthermore, contest outcomes affect subsequent aggressive behaviour, suggesting a potential lasting influence on affective state. Here we used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to assess the emotional expression of pigs in agonistic encounters. We investigated how recent victory or defeat influences emotions expressed in a subsequent contest, and the role of aggressiveness as a personality trait in emotional expression. We observed the pre-escalation contest behaviour (second contest; age 13 wks) in animals of different aggressiveness (categorised using two resident intruder tests as Agg+ or Agg-, age 9 wks), which had recently won or lost a contest (first contest; 10 wks). We measured gaze direction and ear position. Observers watched video clips of the initial 30 s of the second contest and evaluated the emotional expression of 57 pigs (25 contest 1 winners, 32 contest 1 losers) using qualitative behavioural assessment (QBA) with a fixed list of 20 descriptive terms. QBA identified three principal components (PCs), accounting for 68% of the variation: PC1 (agitated/tense to relaxed/content), PC2 (fearful/aimless to confident/enjoying) and PC3 (listless/ indifferent). Agg- pigs and males showed a more positive emotionality (PC2). PC1 and PC3 were unaffected by first contest outcome and aggressiveness. Agg+ pigs were more likely to hold their ears back (X2 =7.8, p = 0.005) during the early contest period. Differences in attention were detected in the contest outcome × aggressiveness interaction (χ24.3, p = 0.04), whereby approaching the opponent was influenced by winning and losing in the Agg- pigs only. QBA and gaze behaviour reveal differences in emotional valence between pigs of different aggressiveness: less aggressive pigs may be more susceptible to the emotional impact of victory and defeat but overall, more aggressive pigs express more negative emotionality at the start of agonistic encounters. The emotional expression of pigs meeting a new opponent is influenced by past contest experience. Prior losers gazed towards the exit gate more than winners. Aggressive personality influenced ear posture, gaze direction and emotional expressivity.
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影响因子：
2
作者：
Chester, David S.;DeWall, C. Nathan;Jiang, Yang
通讯作者：
Jiang, Yang
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
des Roches, Alice de Boyer;Lussert, Alexandra;Foucras, Gilles
通讯作者：
Foucras, Gilles
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Camerlink, Irene;Coulange, Estelle;Turner, Simon P.
通讯作者：
Turner, Simon P.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Camerlink, Irene;Turner, Simon P.;Arnott, Gareth
通讯作者：
Arnott, Gareth
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
D'Eath, RB;Ormandy, E;Meddle, SL
通讯作者：
Meddle, SL