Mechanisms of fear learning and extinction: synaptic plasticity-fear memory connection.
Mechanisms of fear learning and extinction: synaptic plasticity-fear memory connection.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-018-5104-4
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发表时间：
2019-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Bolshakov VY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Luchkina NV;Bolshakov VY
记忆与威胁相关的线索并随后对其做出反应的能力，表现出逃避或回避反应，是一种必不可少的，通常是挽救生命的行为机制，可以通过恐惧（威胁）条件反射训练范式进行实验研究。目前，已有大量证据支持突触可塑性-记忆（SPM）假说，该假说涉及条件恐惧记忆的获得、保留和消退机制。这篇综述文章的目的是总结在条件恐惧控制背景下支持SPM假说的发现，应用一套标准和测试，这些标准和测试被认为是必要的，以因果关系的方式将相应神经回路中突触传递的持久变化与恐惧记忆的获得和消除联系起来，重点是它们的药理多样性。恐惧回路中突触可塑性的机制表现出复杂的药理学特征，并满足所有四个SPM标准：可检测性、顺行改变、逆行改变和拟态。在过去的二十年中积累的研究结果为恐惧回路中突触可塑性的必要性和充要性提供了支持，以获得和保持恐惧记忆，并在一定程度上支持恐惧消除，后者需要额外的实验工作。
The ability to memorize threat-associated cues and subsequently react to them, exhibiting escape or avoidance responses, is an essential, often life-saving behavioral mechanism that can be experimentally studied using the fear (threat) conditioning training paradigm. Presently, there is substantial evidence supporting the Synaptic Plasticity-Memory (SPM) hypothesis in relation to the mechanisms underlying the acquisition, retention and extinction of conditioned fear memory. The purpose of this review article is to summarize findings supporting the SPM hypothesis in context of conditioned fear control, applying the set of criteria and tests which were proposed as necessary to causally link lasting changes in synaptic transmission in corresponding neural circuits to fear memory acquisition and extinction with an emphasis on their pharmacological diversity. The mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in fear circuits exhibit complex pharmacological profiles and satisfy all four SPM criteria: detectability, anterograde alteration, retrograde alteration and mimicry. The reviewed findings, accumulated over the last two decades, provide support for both necessity and sufficiency of synaptic plasticity in fear circuits for fear memory acquisition and retention, and, in part, for fear extinction, with the latter requiring additional experimental work.
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