Alternative temporal control systems for hypodermal cell differentiation in Caenorhabditis elegans
Alternative temporal control systems for hypodermal cell differentiation in Caenorhabditis elegans
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秀丽隐杆线虫皮下细胞分化的替代时间控制系统
作者：
Zhongchi Liu;V. Ambros
在某些多细胞生物体中，规定细胞分裂、分化和形态发生的时间的遗传调控系统1-3必须适应干扰或阻碍发育的环境和生理意外情况。例如，秀丽线虫可以在四个幼虫阶段(L1-L4)持续发育，也可以在第二期幼虫(L2)蜕皮时无限期地停止发育为“Dauer幼虫”，然后恢复L3和L4的发育4-7。在幼虫到成虫(L4)的连续和Dauer后发育的蜕皮中，皮下细胞从增殖状态转换(‘L/A开关’)到终末分化状态。四种时间调控因子，LIN-4，LIN-14，LIN-28和LIN-29，已经通过突变导致特定阶段胚胎后发育事件的早熟或延迟表达，包括L/A开关(参考文献3，8，9；图3)。洛杉矶)。这些基因被组织成一条遗传途径，在连续发育过程中控制L/A开关的时间10：LIN-29激活该开关，其他异时基因通过调节LIN-29间接调节该开关。我们现在已经研究了这一事件的适当时机是如何在不同的发育途径中指定的。在不断发展的LIN-4、LIN-14和LIN-28突变体中，L/A转换发生在反常的早熟或晚熟3、8号，但在相同突变体的后期发育过程中，L/A转换正常发生。因此，皮下细胞的分化是由不同的时间控制系统调节的，取决于发育历史。
IN certain multicellular organisms, genetic regulatory systems that specify the timing of cell division, differentiation and morpho-genesis1–3 must accommodate environmental and physiological contingencies that perturb or arrest development. For example, Caenorhabditis elegans can either develop continuously through four larval stages (L1–L4) or arrest indefinitely as a 'dauer larva' at the second larval (L2) moult, and later resume L3 and L4 development4–7. At the larva-to-adult (L4) moult of both con-tinuous and 'post-dauer' development, hypodermal cells switch (the 'L/A switch') from a proliferating state to the terminally differentiated state. Four temporal regulators, lin-4, lin-14, lin-28 and lin-29, have been identified in C. elegans by mutations that cause precocious or retarded expression of stage-specific post-embryonic development events, including the L/A switch (refs 3, 8, 9; Fig. la). These genes have been organized into a genetic pathway that controls the timing of the L/A switch during continuous development10: lin-29 activates the switch and the other heterochronic genes regulate it indirectly by regulating lin-29. We have now examined how the proper timing of this event is specified in alternative developmental pathways. In continuously developing lin-4, lin-14 and lin-28 mutants the L/A switch occurs at abnor-mally early or late moults3,8, but during post-dauer development of the same mutants the L/A switch occurs normally. Thus hypodermal cell differentiation is regulated by separate temporal control systems, depending on the developmental history.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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