Brain-gut-microbe communication in health and disease.
Brain-gut-microbe communication in health and disease.
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DOI：
10.3389/fphys.2011.00094
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Dinan TG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grenham S;Clarke G;Cryan JF;Dinan TG
胃肠道和大脑之间的双向信号在神经、激素和免疫水平上受到调节。这种结构被称为脑-肠轴，对维持体内平衡至关重要。肠道细菌定植对免疫和内分泌系统的出生后发育和成熟起着重要作用。这些过程是中枢神经系统(CNS)信号转导的关键因素。最近的研究进展使我们对肠道微生物组的规模、多样性和重要性的理解有了巨大的进步。这反映在对更具包容性的脑-肠道-肠道微生物区系的命名进行修订的形式上，以及一项持续的研究努力，以确定沿这一轴的沟通如何有助于正常和病理情况。在这篇综述中，我们将简要讨论这一轴的关键组成部分以及在试图定义什么是正常微生物区系并绘制其时间发展图的过程中提出的方法学挑战。重点放在新的研究叙事上，证实了微生物区系对情绪和行为的关键影响。机械洞察力提供了神经和体液途径的例子，这些影响可以通过这些途径进行调节。探讨了支持肠道菌群在脑肠轴疾病中的作用的证据，重点是肠易激综合征的临床相关性，肠易激综合征是一种应激相关的功能性胃肠疾病。我们还批判性地评估了这项研究产生的治疗机会，特别是考虑了以微生物组为目标是否代表了管理中枢神经系统疾病的有效策略，并思考了这种方法固有的陷阱。尽管面临着相当大的挑战，但这是一个令人兴奋的研究领域，注定在未来一段时间内仍将是重点。
Bidirectional signalling between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain is regulated at neural, hormonal, and immunological levels. This construct is known as the brain–gut axis and is vital for maintaining homeostasis. Bacterial colonization of the intestine plays a major role in the post-natal development and maturation of the immune and endocrine systems. These processes are key factors underpinning central nervous system (CNS) signaling. Recent research advances have seen a tremendous improvement in our understanding of the scale, diversity, and importance of the gut microbiome. This has been reflected in the form of a revised nomenclature to the more inclusive brain–gut–enteric microbiota axis and a sustained research effort to establish how communication along this axis contributes to both normal and pathological conditions. In this review, we will briefly discuss the critical components of this axis and the methodological challenges that have been presented in attempts to define what constitutes a normal microbiota and chart its temporal development. Emphasis is placed on the new research narrative that confirms the critical influence of the microbiota on mood and behavior. Mechanistic insights are provided with examples of both neural and humoral routes through which these effects can be mediated. The evidence supporting a role for the enteric flora in brain–gut axis disorders is explored with the spotlight on the clinical relevance for irritable bowel syndrome, a stress-related functional gastrointestinal disorder. We also critically evaluate the therapeutic opportunities arising from this research and consider in particular whether targeting the microbiome might represent a valid strategy for the management of CNS disorders and ponder the pitfalls inherent in such an approach. Despite the considerable challenges that lie ahead, this is an exciting area of research and one that is destined to remain the center of focus for some time to come.
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影响因子：
9.3
作者：
Bischoff SC
通讯作者：
Bischoff SC
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Akira, S;Hemmi, H
通讯作者：
Hemmi, H
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Brint, Elizabeth K.;MacSharry, John;Quigley, Eamonn M. M.
通讯作者：
Quigley, Eamonn M. M.
DOI：
10.1111/j.1476-5381.1962.tb01443.x
发表时间：
1962-01-01
期刊：
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY
影响因子：
--
作者：
BEAVER, MH;WOSTMANN, BS
通讯作者：
WOSTMANN, BS
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
Blumberg, RS;Strober, W
通讯作者：
Strober, W