Vegetable oil-based surfactants are adjuvants that enhance the efficacy of neonicotinoid insecticides and can bias susceptibility testing in adult mosquitoes.
Vegetable oil-based surfactants are adjuvants that enhance the efficacy of neonicotinoid insecticides and can bias susceptibility testing in adult mosquitoes.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011737
复制
发表时间：
2023-11
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
测试成年蚊子对新烟碱或丁烯内酯杀虫剂敏感性的标准操作程序建议使用植物油酯(MERO)作为表面活性剂。然而，越来越多的证据表明，这种佐剂含有表面活性剂，可以增强杀虫剂的活性，掩盖抗性，并使生物测定产生偏差。使用标准的生物测定方法，我们测试了类似于MERO的商业配方的植物油表面活性剂对一系列活性成分的影响，其中包括四种新烟碱(扑热息痛、氯硫氰菊酯、吡虫啉和硫氰菊酯)和两种拟除虫菊酯(氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯)。我们发现，三种不同品牌的亚麻籽油皂用作清洁产品，大大增强了按蚊体内新烟碱的活性。当浓度为1%(v/v)时，该表面活性物质可使冈比亚按蚊敏感种群和抗性种群中氯硫菌素的半数致死浓度(LC50)降低10倍以上。在1%或0.5%(v/v)条件下，亚麻籽油皂可完全恢复成蚊对氯氰菊酯、甲氧嘧啶和吡虫啉的敏感性，部分恢复对扑草胺的敏感性。相比之下，在活性成分中添加肥皂并没有显著影响对二氯氰菊酯或溴氰菊酯的抗性水平，这表明植物油表面活性剂专门增强了某些类别杀虫剂的效力。我们的发现表明，表面活性剂不是惰性成分，它们在药敏试验中的使用可能会危及检测耐药性的能力。需要进一步的研究来评估使用一些表面活性剂作为佐剂来提高一些化学物质在蚊子控制中的效力的潜力、局限性和挑战。监测昆虫种群对化学杀虫剂的敏感性为抗性管理提供重要信息。正在测试新的化学品，并将其添加到用于预防疟疾的武器库中。因此，世界卫生组织(WHO)测试成年蚊子对杀虫剂敏感性的标准操作程序已经更新，加入了新的活性成分。为了评估成年蚊子对新烟碱(Lothianidin)或丁烯内酯(FlupyRadifuone)的敏感性，成年蚊子不仅接触到活性成分，还接触到一种含有表面活性剂的混合物，这种混合物有助于溶解杀虫剂。在目前的研究中，我们报告了一些表面活性剂，如植物油酯或肥皂，可以增强某些活性成分的效力。由于这种协同作用，可能在很大程度上高估了被测试昆虫种群的实际易感性水平。然而，结果也表明，一些负担得起的产品，如肥皂，可以增强新烟碱类化合物的灭蚊效果。尽管目前尚不清楚肥皂如何在用于灭蚊的杀虫剂配方中用作佐剂，但它们的潜在效用值得进一步研究。
The standard operating procedure for testing the susceptibility of adult mosquitoes to neonicotinoid or butenolide insecticides recommends using a vegetable oil ester (Mero) as a surfactant. However, there is growing evidence that this adjuvant contains surfactants that can enhance insecticide activity, mask resistance and bias the bioassay. Using standard bioassays, we tested the effects of commercial formulations of vegetable oil-based surfactants similar to Mero on the activity of a spectrum of active ingredients including four neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) and two pyrethroids (permethrin and deltamethrin). We found that three different brands of linseed oil soap used as cleaning products drastically enhanced neonicotinoid activity in Anopheles mosquitoes. At 1% (v/v), the surfactant reduced the median lethal concentration, LC50, of clothianidin more than 10-fold both in susceptible and in resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae. At 1% or 0.5% (v/v), linseed oil soap restored the susceptibility of adult mosquitoes fully to clothianidin, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid and partially to acetamiprid. By contrast, adding soap to the active ingredient did not significantly affect the level of resistance to permethrin or deltamethrin suggesting that vegetable oil-based surfactants specifically enhance the potency of some classes of insecticides. Our findings indicate that surfactants are not inert ingredients, and their use in susceptibility testing may jeopardize the ability to detect resistance. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential, the limitations and the challenges of using some surfactants as adjuvants to enhance the potency of some chemicals applied in mosquito control. Monitoring the susceptibility of insect populations to chemical insecticides provides vital information for resistance management. New chemicals are being tested and added to the arsenal used for malaria prevention. As a result, the World Health Organisation (WHO) standard operating procedure for testing insecticide susceptibility in adult mosquitoes has been updated to include new active ingredients. To evaluate their susceptibility to clothianidin, a neonicotinoid or to flupyradifurone, a butenolide, adult mosquitoes are not exposed to the active ingredient alone, but to a mixture containing a surfactant which helps to solubilize the pesticide. In the present study, we report that surfactants such as vegetable oil esters or soap can enhance the potency of some active ingredients. Because of this synergistic action, the actual level of susceptibility of the insect populations tested can be largely overestimated. However, the results also reveal that some affordable products such as soaps can enhance the efficacy of neonicotinoids against mosquitoes. Although it remains unclear how soaps can be used as an adjuvant in insecticide formulations applied against mosquitoes, their potential utility warrants further investigations.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
3
作者：
Antonio-Nkondjio C;Tene Fossog B;Kopya E;Poumachu Y;Menze Djantio B;Ndo C;Tchuinkam T;Awono-Ambene P;Wondji CS
通讯作者：
Wondji CS
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Assatse T;Tchouakui M;Mugenzi L;Menze B;Nguiffo-Nguete D;Tchapga W;Kekeunou S;Wondji CS
通讯作者：
Wondji CS
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Agossa FR;Padonou GG;Koukpo CZ;Zola-Sahossi J;Azondekon R;Akuoko OK;Ahoga J;N'dombidje B;Akinro B;Fassinou AJYH;Sezonlin M;Akogbeto MC
通讯作者：
Akogbeto MC
喀麦隆南部森林环境中冈比亚按蚊和大肠按蚊的杀虫剂抗药性现状及其机制
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Bamou, Roland;Sonhafouo-Chiana, Nadege;Antonio-Nkondjio, Christophe
通讯作者：
Antonio-Nkondjio, Christophe
影响因子：
1.2
作者：
Hoppe, Mark;Hueter, Ottmar F.;Maienfisch, Peter
通讯作者：
Maienfisch, Peter