Meiotic chromosome axis remodelling is critical for meiotic recombination in Brassica rapa.

Meiotic chromosome axis remodelling is critical for meiotic recombination in Brassica rapa.
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DOI:
10.1093/jxb/erab035
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发表时间:
2021-04-02
影响因子:
6.9
通讯作者:
Heckmann S
Heckmann S
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cuacos M;Lambing C;Pachon-Penalba M;Osman K;Armstrong SJ;Henderson IR;Sanchez-Moran E;Franklin FCH;Heckmann S

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减数分裂通过育种过程中利用的同源重组 (HR) 产生遗传变异。 HR 发生在减数分裂染色体轴和联会复合体的背景下。为了研究轴重塑在作物物种交叉(CO)形成中的作用,我们对白菜中轴相关蛋白 ASY1 和轴重塑蛋白 PCH2 的突变体进行了表征。 asy1 植物形成无法突触的减数分裂染色体轴。 CO 形成几乎被消除,残留的交叉在染色体末端区域按比例富集,特别是在携带核仁组织区 (NOR) 的染色体臂中。 pch2植物表现出受损的ASY1加载和重塑,因此仅实现部分突触,这导致CO形成减少和必需CO损失。PCH2独立的交叉按比例向远端染色体区域富集。类似地,在拟南芥 pch2 中,与野生型相比,CO 向端粒区域增加,但以牺牲(周围)着丝粒 CO 为代价。总而言之,在白菜中,轴形成和重塑对于减数分裂保真度(包括突触和 CO 形成)至关重要,而在 asy1 和 pch2 中,CO 分布发生了改变。 asy1 植物是不育的,而 pch2 植物是半不育的,因此 PCH2 可能是育种计划的一个有趣的目标。 ASY1 和 PCH2 对于白菜减数分裂轴重塑以及联会复合体和交叉形成至关重要。 asy1 和 pch2 植物中的残余交换显示出改变的模式。
Meiosis generates genetic variation through homologous recombination (HR) that is harnessed during breeding. HR occurs in the context of meiotic chromosome axes and the synaptonemal complex. To study the role of axis remodelling in crossover (CO) formation in a crop species, we characterized mutants of the axis-associated protein ASY1 and the axis-remodelling protein PCH2 in Brassica rapa. asy1 plants form meiotic chromosome axes that fail to synapse. CO formation is almost abolished, and residual chiasmata are proportionally enriched in terminal chromosome regions, particularly in the nucleolar organizing region (NOR)-carrying chromosome arm. pch2 plants show impaired ASY1 loading and remodelling, consequently achieving only partial synapsis, which leads to reduced CO formation and loss of the obligatory CO. PCH2-independent chiasmata are proportionally enriched towards distal chromosome regions. Similarly, in Arabidopsis pch2, COs are increased towards telomeric regions at the expense of (peri-) centromeric COs compared with the wild type. Taken together, in B. rapa, axis formation and remodelling are critical for meiotic fidelity including synapsis and CO formation, and in asy1 and pch2 CO distributions are altered. While asy1 plants are sterile, pch2 plants are semi-sterile and thus PCH2 could be an interesting target for breeding programmes. ASY1 and PCH2 are critical for meiotic axis remodelling as well as synaptonemal complex and crossover formation in Brassica rapa. Residual crossovers in asy1 and pch2 plants show altered patterning.
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