The Subthalamic Nucleus: Unravelling New Roles and Mechanisms in the Control of Action.

The Subthalamic Nucleus: Unravelling New Roles and Mechanisms in the Control of Action.
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DOI:
10.1177/1073858418763594
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发表时间:
2019-03
期刊:
The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Zaghloul KA
Zaghloul KA
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bonnevie T;Zaghloul KA

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我们如何决定我们做什么?这就是行动控制的本质,也就是在多个可能的选择中选择最合适的反应的过程。次优的行动控制可能涉及启动或调整行动的失败,或者相反,它可能涉及冲动地做出行动。丘脑底核(subthalamic nucleus,简称丘脑底核)在动作控制中的特殊作用越来越受到人们的关注。这是由于基底神经节核作为脑深部电刺激(DBS)靶点的临床相关性,主要用于帕金森病,但也用于强迫症。DBS的背景打开了一扇窗,以将神经科学和临床领域紧密联系在一起的方式研究脑功能,有助于实现非常高水平的双向翻译。在这篇综述中,我们首先概述了在运动和非运动动作控制中的作用,然后讨论这些功能可能是如何实现的神经元活动在脊髓背角。更好地理解这些主题不仅将为动作控制的神经生理学提供重要的见解,还将为几种脑疾病及其治疗提供相关的病理生理机制。
How do we decide what we do? This is the essence of action control, the process of selecting the most appropriate response among multiple possible choices. Suboptimal action control can involve a failure to initiate or adapt actions, or conversely it can involve making actions impulsively. There has been an increasing focus on the specific role of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in action control. This has been fueled by the clinical relevance of this basal ganglia nucleus as a target for deep brain stimulation (DBS), primarily in Parkinson’s disease but also in obsessive-compulsive disorder. The context of DBS has opened windows to study STN function in ways that link neuroscientific and clinical fields closely together, contributing to an exceptionally high level of two-way translation. In this review, we first outline the role of the STN in both motor and nonmotor action control, and then discuss how these functions might be implemented by neuronal activity in the STN. Gaining a better understanding of these topics will not only provide important insights into the neurophysiology of action control but also the pathophysiological mechanisms relevant for several brain disorders and their therapies.
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